1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS CHILE PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN CHILE FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS VOLCANOES WILDFIRES GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

3. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric- hydrospheric- lithospheric interactions create situations favorable for FLOODS

4. HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN A FLOOD Entire communities; People, property, infra- structure, business enterprise, government centers, crops, wildlife, and natural resources.

5. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

6. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

7. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARN- ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU- ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

8. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION USUALLY TAKES LONGER THAN THOUGHT.

9. CHILE’S CITIES

10. NOTABLE FLOODS IN CHILE SANTIAGO, THE CAPITAL, IMPACTED MAY 22, 2008

11. SANTIAGO SKYLINE

12. FLOODING NEAR SANTIAGO: MAY 22, 2008

13. SANTIAGO’S MAPOCHO RIVER

15. IMPACTS: MAY 22, 2008 Heavy rains and flooding that killed five people and displaced 15 thousand in south-central Chile, collapsed road and rail bridges, closed the world's largest underground copper mine, and left many in Santiago (the capital) without drinking water.

16. IMPACTS: MAY 22, 2008 Seven rivers burst their banks farther south, deluging thousands of homes. Route 5 (Chile's main north-south highway) was cut in three places. Landslides caused by the rains forced the shutdown of the giant El Teniente copper mine.

17. NOTABLE FLOODS IN CHILE JULY 29, 2000

18. This flood disaster exposed Chile’s lack of flood-disaster planning and flood-resilient infrastructure in 2000, leading to improvements.

19. The flooding, the result of weeks of heavy rain, the worst in Chile for more than 20 years, caused major damage to infra- structure (mostly roads and bridges) with the cost estimated to be as high as US $1.5 billion

20. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTS THE CAPITAL Torrential rains affected the capital, Santiago, swamping more than 75 percent of the metropolitan streets, including the city's main highway.

21. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTS THE CAPITAL A state of emergency was declared in the Santiago metropolitan region.

22. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTED THE CAPITAL Schools were forced to close, train services were cancelled and electricity was cut to many areas due to the accompanying high winds.

23. SCHOOLS CLOSED

24. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTED THE CAPITAL Some areas of the city were at a virtual standstill as roads were blocked and bridges collapsed

25. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTED THE CAPITAL Many homes were wiped out as a result of the 90 kilometers per hour winds and the pouring rains, forcing thousands into shelters around Santiago.

26. FLOODING

27. IMPACTS ON EVACUEES Evacuees were forced to live in schools that were hastily turned into makeshift hostels, that proved to be so inadequate that many people were often returned to their waterlogged homes too early.

28. JULY 29, 2000 FLOODING IMPACTED THE CAPITAL Most of the metropolitan homeless come from the poorest regions of Santiago, including Pudahuel, El Monte, Talagante, Isla de Maipo, Maipu and San Ramon

29. IMPACTS IN OTHER PARTS OF CHILE The simultaneous flooding throughout Chile caused at least 17 deaths and forced an estimated 129,000 people into homelessness.

30. FLOODING: SOUTHERN CHILE

31. AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS The regions impacted by floods also included Chile's principal agricultural areas, the central and southern regions.

32. ELEMENTS OF HAZARDS AND RISK

33. HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

34. FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS ) TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE EROSION SCOUR MUDFLOWS

35. A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH CHILE’S COMMUNITIES

36. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

37. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

38. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

39. THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure can be LOST.

40. THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.

41. THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

42. THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

43. THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

44. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

45. CHILE’SCOMMUNITIESCHILE’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS PEOPLE & BLDGS. VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

46. TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, WARNING, AND DISASTER SCENARIOS WARNING ARE VITAL FOR SURVIVAL