1. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 29
Group 4
Lesson Title:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
Topic:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
Tramaine Curtis
Phinecia Bright
Teonia Burton
Diana Medina
Cherlyne Norman

2. Target Group:
Child-Bearing age women between the ages of

3. What is a STI?
Any infections contracted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact.
Most STIs spread during vaginal or anal sex, but other forms of sexual contact, such as oral sex, can also spread disease

4. Why STI and not STD?
People must first be infected before they can have a sexually transmitted disease
An Infection means that a germ that can cause sickness is present inside a person’s body. An infected person may feel sick.
A disease means that the infection is actually causing the infected person to feel sick, or to notice something is wrong.

5. In addition,
15 million cases of STIs cases are reported annually in the United States
Can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact

6. STIs in Women
Women are more vulnerable biologically, culturally, socioeconomically
Most are asymptomatic (no symptoms)in women

7. Bacterial vs. Viral Bacterial Infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea
Viral Infections
HIV/AIDS
HPV
Herpes Simplex

8. Known as “Human Papillomavirus”
HPV
Known as “Human Papillomavirus”

9. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
20 million people are currently infected with HPV
Very common amongst sexually active college students

10. Signs & Symptoms Most common manifestation of HPV is warts
Includes warts on skin such as plantar warts or in the genital area, known as genital warts

11. Signs & Symptoms
May be associated with discomfort such as itching, burning, or tenderness in the genital area
Most women with HPV do not have any symptoms at all

12. Effects on Pregnancy
HPV has no effect on the fetus whatsoever during pregnancy and does not rule out a vaginal delivery
In some, the warts may be so large it can block the birth canal; in this case Cesarean section may be performed

13. Treatment No effective treatment
Warts may be treated with agents designed to reduce or remove the warts, including creams, oral medications, or surgery
The infection usually goes away without treatment, but for high risk HPV

14. Is caused by the Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria “Silent disease”

15. Chlamydia
Most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in U.S.
2.8 million Americans are infected with Chlamydia each year

16. Signs and Symptoms Some women still have no signs or symptoms
Abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating
Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

17. In addition,
Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods

18. Effects on Pregnancy
Chlamydia can spread to other reproductive organs causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Can lead to long-term pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, infertility and ectopic pregnancy

19. Effects on Pregnancy
Evidence that untreated chlamydial infections can lead to premature delivery
Babies born to infected mothers can get chlamydial infections in their eyes and respiratory tracts

20. Treatment
Your doctor or other health care workers will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic to treat people with Chlamydia infection

21. Scientifically known as the gonococcus, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea
Scientifically known as the gonococcus, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

22. Gonorrhea
700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year
Half of these infections are reported to CDC

23. Signs & Symptoms Most infected women have no symptoms
Include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods

24. Signs & Symptoms
Infected women have higher risk of developing serious complications from the infection
A common complication of gonorrhea is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

25. Effects on Pregnancy
Can also be spread from mother to child during birth
Can cause fertility problems, birth defects, skin problems, arthritis, blood poisoning, and heart and brain infections

26. Treatment Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea
Because of drug-resistance the successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult

27. In addition,
Many people with gonorrhea also have chlamydia, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together
Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs

28. Herpes Simplex
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), which is related to the viruses that belongs to the same family of viruses that cause chicken pox and shingles

29. Herpes Simplex 1 & 2
45 million people in the United States ages 12 and older have herpes
1 out of 5 of the total adolescent and adult population, are infected with Herpes Simplex

30. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Type 1 (HSV-1) Cause lesions, cold sores “fever blisters” in the mouth or on the lips
Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat
Blisters crust over and heal within days

31. Herpes Simplex
May include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms
Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

32. Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2) Cause lesions around and on the genital areas
Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat
Blisters crust over and heal within days

33. Effects on Pregnancy
Type 2 Viral shedding from cervix, vagina, vulva plays the primary role in transmitting the disease from mother to infant
About 60% of newborns infected and not treated will die or be severely damaged

34. Effects on Pregnancy
Newborns develop skin sores; caesarean is performed if sores are present
Herpes keratitus- Ocular herpes

35. Signs & Symptoms
Include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms
Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

36. Signs & Symptoms Recurrence Period-virus lay dormant
Prodromal Symptoms- tingling at the sites commonly affected by blisters

37. Treatment Topical ointment, oral or injectable
Oral and injectable reduces viral shedding and duration severity of initial herpes outbreaks
Injection is used for most severe outbreaks

38. HIV/AIDS HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

39. HIV/AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
The definition of AIDS relates to
CD4+ T-cells Count
Healthy adults usually have CD4+ T-cell counts of 1,000 or more
Aids and some HIV sufferers have less than 200 CD4+ T-cells

40. Furthermore,
Minority women in U.S are one of the fastest growing populations affected
Ranks among the top three leading causes of death for minority women aged 24-44

41. Signs & Symptoms rapid weight loss dry cough
recurring fever or profuse night sweats
profound and unexplained fatigue
swollen lymph glands diarrhea
white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat

42. Signs & Symptoms pneumonia
red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders
Do not assume if you have symptoms!

43. Effects on Pregnancy Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth
Maternal mortality
Newborn mortality
Low birth weight
Preterm delivery
Amnionitis (inflammation)

44. Effects of Pregnancy
70% transmission occurs at the time of delivery 30% amount occurs antenatally (before delivery)
A significant contributor to transmission is breastfeeding

45. Treatment
Antiviral drugs drug’s that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure

46. Treatment
There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and AIDS researchers are working on developing one
Doctors do not know of any way to rid the body of HIV

47. Modes of Transmission blood blood products sexual fluids
People can be infected and NOT look sick or even have AIDS but can still transmit HIV

48. Other Common STIs/STDs
More than 20 known STIs
It is important to be tested for STIs if you are sexually active
syphilis
trichomonas
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C

49. STI Prevention Abstain from sexual intercourse—vaginal, oral, or anal
Be in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner

50. STI Prevention
For oral sex, use a condom over the penis and use a dental dam, plastic wrap, or cut-open condom to cover the vagina or anus
Dual protection is the use of condoms combined with another contraceptive method

51. STIs in 2004

52. Video Clip

53. The End
That’s All Folks!!!!