1. Introduction to Human Movement

2. Aim of the session To introduce the skeletal system To classify bones
To introduce the anatomy of a joint
To understand how soft tissue is connected to the skeletal system
To know the classification of joints
To know scientific terminology when understanding movement around a joint.

3. Skeletal system
The body consists of 206 bones…how many of these can you name?

4. The function of the skeletal system
Protection
The bones protect vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs.
Movement
The skeletal system support the muscles so the body can move.
Support
The skeletal system supports the soft tissue, without it we would be mush.

5. The function of the skeletal system
Shape
Our gate and posture is determined by the shape of our skeleton.
Making blood cells
Long bones harvest bone marrow, blood cells are made from the blood marrow.

6. Basic anatomy of a bone
All bones begin as cartilage in the womb but gradually turn into bone through a process called OSSIFICATION.
Bones have a tough outer layer called the PERIOSTEUM, why do you think this is?
Inside the bone mainly consists of SPONGY BONE making the bone light but strong, why is this a good thing?

7. Diagram showing the anatomy of a bone

8. The classification of bones
Long bones
Femur, humorous, tibia, fibula
Short bones
Carpals, tarsals, wrist bones, ankle bones
Flat bones
Skull, patella
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, pelvis

9. Variations of joints Joints are constructed when two bones meet
There are three types of joints you need to know:
FIXED, IMMOVABLE JOINTS
SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS
FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

10. Fixed joints
Certain joints in the body are not allowed to move due to vulnerability to injury. These joints are evident in anatomical positions that require a lot of protection.
TRY AND THINK OF AN IMMOVABLE JOINT?

11. Slightly moveable joints
These joints are allowed to move, but only to a certain degree.
Each of the bones rest on a cushion of cartilage.
The sections of the bone are allowed to move but are restricted by ligaments.
TRY ANE THINK WHERE YOU MIGHT SEE A SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINT IN THE BODY?

12. Freely movable joints
These joints are totally moveable, they have very little restrictions and a high Range Of Motion around joints.
Sometimes called synovial joints because they contain a synovial fluid inside a pocket called the synovial membrane.
The synovial membrane lubricates the joint minimising friction.
TRY AND THINK OF TWO FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS?

13. Classification of joints
Ball and socket joint
Located in the hip and shoulder
The joint can move in all directions
Hinge joint
Located in the elbow and knee
The joint can move backwards and forwards, but not side to side
Condyloid joint
Located in the wrist
Can move forward, backward, side to side, but not rotation

14. Classification of joints
Pivot joint
Located in the superior section of the spine.
The joint only allows rotation.
Gliding joint
Located in the tarsels and carpels.
Joint can move in all directions.

15. Classification of joint movement
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation

16. Flexion and Extension

17. Abduction and Adduction

18. Rotation

19. Connective tissue Cartilage Ligaments Tendons
Found at the end of bones, stops bones rubbing together
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone supporting joints
Tendons
Attaches to the skeletal system allowing the limb to move through the sliding filament theory

20. Warm-up questions How many bones are there in the human body?
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
What is the anatomical name for the thigh bone?
In joints, what is the name of the cushioning pad to stop friction?
What movement does a hinge joint allow?
What are the classifications of bones?

21. Extended reading
GCSE Physical education; complete revision and practice.