1. Overview Building Information Models
National Institute of
Building Sciences
National Building Information Model Standard
Industry Foundation Classes
Information Delivery Manuals
and International Framework for Dictionaries
Based on and supporting
Overview Building Information Models
Insert your name and the name of the group you are presenting to on this slide.
Identify your relationship and you are part of a national team putting together this standard which is being coordinated with the international community.
Use the slides in this deck as the basis to tell the story you need to to the intended audience. Be picky and use as few slides as possible…
Here are a couple recommendations -
If you only have a couple of minutes use only slide #1, 2, 3 & 28
If you have up to 10 minutes then add in slides #11, 15, 16 & 18
If you have a minute presentation add in slides #7, 8, 10, 13, 19,
If you have a minute presentation add in slides #9, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
If you have more time use them all which adds in slides #4, 5, 6, 14 & 17
What makes this a national standard is the national ontologies that already exist that we must coordinate with such as Master format, Uniformat and other similar items unique to North America.
This presentation is copyrighted by NIBS to ensure that one coordinated story is being told.
NIBS National BIM Standard Project Committee
November 2006
This presentation is a collaborative product of the NIBS NBIMS Project Committee.

2. BIM - What is it and why use it?
A BIM is a lifecycle information collection point for a facility
A BIM allows for the creation of facility information relationships
A BIM is focused on saving resources (dollars, time and materials) during each phase of the facility life cycle
The more mature the model the more usable it is – but any collected data is better that how we do business today
If you only have time for one slide, this should be it.
These are the points you need to get across about BIM
A BIM is a collection point for information about a facility – traditional approaches scatter the information about a facility in multiple products so you can’t get a clear picture of what is happening in the one facility you are looking at.
Once the above occurs then you can form relationships wit the information about the facility this then yields analysis that could not be previously perfomred
The goal of all this is savings pure and simple and the savings are significant, not as much in the design and construction as later in the life of the facility when you need information that was gathered during design and construction.

3. Building Information Model Definition
National BIM Standard Definition of BIM – buildingSMART
A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility.  As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.
A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.
The National BIM Standard is part of the global buildingSMART Information Delivery Manual Initiative.
This is the agreed to “standard” definition for a BIM.
Key points are that it is digital so a machine can read and analyze it.
It includes the entire life-cycle from inception onward
It supports collaboration
It is shared information and supports interoperability
It is an open standard and free
It is part of the overall buildingSMART initiative

4. Building is a Verb The building process is not linear…
National Building Information Model Standard
These next four slides are essentially a build indicating that a BIM is a continuous information collection process…
Conceive
Plan
Design
Build
Operate
Renovate
Dispose
Lifecycle Phases
© AEdgar 2006

5. Each cycle should add knowledge
Learn and Improve
National Building Information Model Standard
Knowledge over time
Information Exchanges
It is built based on information coming from the documented information exchanges that naturally occur as a facility evolves through time…
Conceive
Plan
Design
Build
Operate
Renovate
Dispose
Lifecycle Phases
© AEdgar 2006

6. Share and re-use information easily
Information Backbone
Interoperability
National Building Information Model Standard
Knowledge over time
Information Exchanges
That there is an information backbone that allows information to be collected once and reused many times because it is interoperable.
Conceive
Plan
Design
Build
Operate
Renovate
Dispose
Lifecycle Phases
© AEdgar 2006

7. Projects create buildings + lots of information
Information Backbone
Lifecycle Information
National Building Information Model Standard
Knowledge over time
Information Exchanges
In the end you don’t just end up with a facility, you end up with a completely documented facility.
It is not unlike getting software with documentation or a car with an owners repair manual
Vendor
Conceive
Plan
Design
Build
Operate
Renovate
Dispose
Lifecycle Phases
© AEdgar 2006
Project Team

8. What is Building Information Modeling [BIM]?
2D Lines and Text
Building Is a Verb
3D Polygons
BIM
Virtual Construction
3D Visual
Coordinated dataset
Interoperable
Lifecycle Knowledge
Readily Exchanged
Real Objects
A BIM provides the ability to see and analyze the facility in near real life fidelity
The advantage is having the electronic model which can be mathematically analyzed for compliance with codes
This allows the elimination of conflicts which would turn in to change orders
It also provides information to the owner for operations and sustainment.
Installation photo
Built to the model
Images courtesy FacilityGenetics, LLC and Ghafari Associates

9. How Does BIM Work? For Example… Accurate steel members
Building Is a Verb
Accurate steel members
- Size, weight, performance, cost.
Accurate connections
Accurate 3D position
Simulation of
- Installation process & equipment requirements
- lighting
- structural performance
- etc.
Overlap with other 3D elements to identify collisions.
- Mech, elec, plbg,
- Walls, ceilings, FF&E
- Access for maint. & repair
Courtesy: Kling
Lifecycle Knowledge
Readily Exchanged
Real Objects
Lifelike Properties
During the design, shop drawing, fabrication and construction phases nearly all needed information is developed for a facility, unfortunately it currently typically just not captured and stored for future use.
If you also capture information from the ordering and invoicing process you will have a very accurate model not only for use during construction but also for its entire lifecycle.

10. How Does BIM Work?
Data Commissioning for Facilities Operations & Management
Building Is a Verb
DATA
FUNCTION
Legal
Fiduciary
Store Ops
Bldg. Ops
Fac. Mgmt
Asset Mgmt
Real Property
Space
Equipment
Utilities
Maint. Tasks
Instructions
Schedules
Cost
3D Geometry
Employees
Lifecycle Knowledge
Readily Exchanged
Real Objects
Lifelike Properties
Ongoing Uses
COBIE
One example where we are making BIM work is in the COBIE project.
Specification information developed during design is captured and enhanced during construction and delivered for use during operations and sustainment.
Courtesy:Bentley Systems, Inc.
[ Construction to Operations Building Information Exchange ]

11. How Does BIM Work? All Stakeholders Participate
Legal
Data
Geospatial
Data
Financial
Data
Building Is a Verb
Lifecycle Knowledge
Readily Exchanged
Designer
Data
Real Objects
Lifelike Properties
Ongoing Uses
BIM
Specifier Data
Stakeholders all work on their own piece of the project, in their own applications, to accomplish their own deliverables. However, deliverables are changing to streamline the process and deliverables include information. (Following speakers will focus on how this works for Design and Construction phases.)
Stakeholders in the building lifecycle process all contribute to the BIM. Each receives and creates value through their participation.
The BIM is not typically one big database. More likely it is a number of databases with common key information and data standards.
Many uses for many purposes:
Design visualization, Reduction of Errors, Collision Detection, Quantity Take Off, 4D Constructability, 5D Cost Estimating, Asset/Equipment Inventory, Facility Operations, Space assignment, Maint/Repair, Emergency response, Many others…
Owner / Occupier
Data
Sustainers
Data
Environmentalist
Data
Courtesy of NIBS National Building Information Modeling Standards Committee

12. Influence vs Cost Curve
Cost of Changes
Virtual Building Design
Proposed Entry
Ability to Change
Typical
‘Value’ Engineering !
Effort
BIM can also help move the VE process forward in the process.
It is far easier and cheaper to change an electron than it is to use a jack hammer to remove a wall.
Strategy
Design
Construction
Operation
25%
75%
Lifecycle cost

13. Information Exchange Losses
Management support information should be:
Collected continuously throughout facility life-cycle (created once)
Managed uniformly in standard framework
Securely available 24x7
Information Value
Time
Value of Improvements
To-Be
Minimized data loss
Maximized information value
As-Is
Continuous data loss
Value of information reduced
This cost model shows the current (as-is) conditions with loss of information between each stage of construction due ot lack of interoperability.
The next build shows the potential curve if information is retained between phases.
The are between the curves shows the savings – estimated by NIST at $15.8B annually
Planning
Construction
Design
Operation

14. Notional BIM Project Savings Curve
This is a draft – a team is working to put actual numbers to these notional curves
Conception Stage
Project Delivery Selection Stage
Design Stage
Construction Documents Stage
Procurement Stage
Execution Stage
Utilization
Stage
Closure
Stage
Optimized approach with virtual modeling and analysis with reduced change orders & delivery time and lower operating and sustainment costs
Typical approach failing to do routine maintenance and having to replace items earlier and more often
Typical design/build approach with required maintenance
The savings we are currently experiencing with faster delivery and fewer change orders
This model is not to scale and is under revision, however gives a more life-cycle oriented view of the outcome of implementing BIM than I have seen
This is most effective viewed as a slide show using the builds –
The gold curve represents the typical process we should now encounter – costs ramp up during planning and development and construction and then drop off during operations and sustainment slowly increasing as the facility ages
The red curve represents what happen currently more often as maintenance and sustainment costs are deferred thus causing replacement costs to mount later in the life of the facility
The blue cure represents the implementation of BIM and virtually building a facility and analyzing its performance prior to construction. Costs ramp up faster but construction, operations and sustainment costs are lower because energy usage is optimized and more sustainable materials are used.
The first green savings identified are those savings that come from faster and lower cost delivery created by reducing the number of change orders and RFI’s. These are the savings we are currently seeing from the implementation of BIM in design and construction.
However the significant savings are going to come when we start holding onto and sharing information gathered during various phases of the facilities life-cycle and not re-gathering information for each facility related activity.
We have challenged the academic community and others to help validate and make this curve more accurate. If you are interested in helping with this task please contact me
The yet untapped $avings
IAI “BuildingSMART” model supports lifecycle data

15. Typical BIM Benefits
Better understanding of design concepts – shared understanding of issues
More focus on value-added tasks
Faster cycle times
Reduced errors and omissions
Less waste: rework, materials, time
Fewer translation errors and losses
Increased site safety
Better estimates – cost and time
Building Is a Verb
Lifecycle Knowledge
Readily Exchanged
Real Objects
Lifelike Properties
Ongoing Uses
Based on the information presented thus far we see that BIMs provide the benefits listed here
VALUE

16. Who Benefits From BIM Implementation
Facility Information Views Owners Planners Realtors Appraisers Mortgage Bankers Designers Engineers Cost & Quantity Estimators Specifiers Contracts & Lawyers Construction Contractors Sub-Contractors Fabricators Code Officials Facility Managers Maintenance & Sustainment Renovation & Restoration Disposal & Recycling
Scoping, Testing, Simulation Safety & Occupational Health Environmental & NEPA Plant Operations Energy, LEED Space & Security Network Managers CIO’s Risk Management Occupant Support First Responders
Graphisoft
BIM
All these players should be able to receive information from a BIM. All are involved and have their own views of a facility that should be able to be satisfied by the BIM. Currently they typically all collect essentially the same information.

17. Facility Data That Could Be Included in BIM
Planning scenarios and site information
Architectural program
Floor plans
Space functions
Classified areas, vaults etc.
Area calculations
Volume calculations
Engineering calculations
Specifications
Contract documents
Legal description
Change orders
Supporting documentation for litigation
Shop drawings
Procurement documents
Progress photographs
Alarm diagrams
Warranty data
Invoices
Purchase requests
Cost Estimates
Organizational occupants
Personnel lists
Seating plans
Handicap designation
Network diagrams
Hazardous materials
Operating manuals
Maintenance records
Inspection records
Electronic 3D model
Simulations
Continuation of operations plans
Disaster Recovery Plans
Contingency plans
Furniture inventory
The listed information could be included in the BIM of a facility to be re-used by others.
The problem today is that people do not collect information for others later in the life-cycle.
If we do not solve this problem the natural event that will occur is that the facility management firms will end up controlling the process given the current mind set of planners, designers and contractors.
There is just too much money to be saved that BIM will not happen.

18. Hierarchical Information Relationships
IAI-IFC Usage
Space
Natural Asset
Linear Structure
Structure
Building
Facility / Built
Theatre / World
Sub-Systems
System
Level
Site
Real
Property Asset
Country
State / Province
County
Installation /
Region
Node
Segment
Room
Water / Sea
Land / Parcel
Underground
Air / Space
Geospatial Information
(GIS)
Overlay
Building information
(Building Information Models)
Components
City
This diagram identifies how information is rolled up from the facility level up to the world view.
It is a joint effort from many in the industry including the Federal Real Property Council and OSCRE.
It shows how information inside a facility links into the geospatial world.

19. Reports or Extracted Data from BIM (examples from all classifications)
Hierarchical Building Information Relationships
Attributes
Systems represent the physical entities of the building. Systems use NA classifications such as Omni-Class and Uniformat and are transported/exchanged via IFCs
BUILDING
Or Structure
Metrics
IFC objects, relationships, space
SYSTEMS –Ex. Structural, MEP, Flooring, Ceiling, Exterior, Walls
Attributes
Space is physical in nature, but can be unbounded (have no or cross physical boundaries) but it will always be tied to the physical structure or systems in some way
Attributes
Metrics
Sub-Systems
(part of systems)
Components
Metrics
Overlays are more abstract data - organizational, operational, functional, financial, non-fixed assets, resources, personnel, etc. that is data tied to the Systems and Space
SPACE-Vertical Horizontal, Empty
Example
SUI,CI
Metrics
Level (Stories)
Room
Attributes
Standards
Void
Vertical
Metrics
Reports or Extracted Data from BIM
(examples from all classifications)
Attributes
From the previous slide we go down into the next level which is at the heart of the BIM.
Systems are items such as structural systems, mechanical systems, closure systems and the like.
Space is the room as s well as the void and adds up to the total footprint.
Overlays are polygons that lay over the space and systems that could be heating zones, fire protection zones, organizations, financial cost centers, etc.
It is also important to note that floor plans are only reports off the model.
OVERLAYS – Typically associated with building hierarchy elements.
Area
Gross
Example
Furniture
Equipment
Phone
Net
Example
Rentable Space
Circulation Area
Assets
Financial
Classifications
Volume
Usable
Surface
Example
Space Assignment
Business Group
Example
Secure Areas
Systems
Sq. Ftg.
Personnel
Quantities
Zones
Linear Ft.
Materials & Types
Example
Marketing
Administration
Business
Groups
Metrics
Example
FCA,MDI

20. Information Exchanges
Programmatic and Project Requirements or Constraints (LEED Silver requested by owner)
Normative standards by which data is collected or managed
(Such as the IBC, NCS, IFC’s and OmniClass™)
The reason for the information exchange (i.e. Desire to buy doors)
Report on Door Objects
Control
BIM
Output
Input
The product of the information exchange (i.e. The quantity and specification data used to purchase and deliver doors.
The information exchange
BIM
In looking at the details of an information exchanges we see the identification of what information is needed to accomplish a task and what the intended product is.
We also see that some of the information developed during that process is stored in the BIM to be able to be re-used by a subsequent information exchange.
Existing information already in the BIM is used as input and information that is gleaned from the exchange is also stored in the model (i.e. Attributes about the doors purchased, size, material, cost, instructions, fire rating, etc.) NCS, IFC’s, OmniClass
More information is added to the building information model in its appropriate spatially related location

21. Use of Information Exchanges to Support BIM
Requirement & Goal
Standardize on information needed for specific tasks within the building lifecycle
Development based upon open data standards used by all
Provides requirements to software companies
North America data standards
CSI, OMNICLASS, Uniformat
International Bldg Code
CIS/2 and other authorities
Here is another view of the benefits of coordinated information exchanges.
This capability was demonstrated recently at the buildingSMART Industry Day at the National Academy of Sciences on November 1, 2006.
The following companies demonstrated their products all working off the same Norwegian project – HITOS.
The following groups were all working on the same IFC model on stage at the same time. - BIM is here
Graphisoft - information markers, 3D pdf
Bentley - import model - export to Google earth 3D pdf,
EliteCAD - Netherlands, new system - simple. The Sketch Up of BIM, just now supporting IFC
CRC - Australia Code Checking - did a ground plane related area calculation that is required in Australia
Solibri - Accessibility checking, door sizes for routing, toilet wheelchair circles.
Navis Works Jetstream - powerful viewer, bring together files of any format.
DDS Viewer - free - not only geometry, but information, even edit model by adding information and save updated model.
IFD (dictionary) - go to library, chose language, find the item to add something. CSI is working on  US  language version. Design into procurement. Item chosen goes into IFC model.
Octaga - high quality visualization model viewer. Change out materials on the fly, what ifs... Not quite Max for IFC but that direction.
cRofus - build room data sheet, export raw geometry into CAD, or work in CAD - import BIM IFC into cRofus. Model check between plan / model program - actual
Grunland - MEP - Imported BIM, simulation and analysis for MEP, both envelope and inside loads, test things like add window shades / rerun. Also energy performance - can export this back to BIM.
Tekla - BIM Structure - analysis to IFC
DDS - IFC MEP Software (no details)
Electrical safety - circuit diagrams, panels, etc. Interesting because there is no 3D stuff, just diagrams. Fix it and send it back into IFC model.
CRC - Australia - Environmental impact model, (also earlier code check demo) change a finish, check, etc.
Gemini Terrain - zoning, mapping, GIS / IFC link buildable volume display - Google earth - byggsok permit application to check zoning and EDM model server to share and accessibility check
Specification and costing - views broken down by Uniformat or whatever.
RAMBygg - Denmark - IFC based FM system focus on grouping building systems in light of maintenance.
Digital Alchemy - IFC view in Visio. Not yet released, but important that this is Microsoft / IFC connection - could be useful in many ways.
Oracle - collaborative BIM platform, built a web viewer with markups
EPM ModelServer - check in - checkout through IDM or ownership / discipline, etc. central hub for various applications
Onuma planning system - web based, bubble diagrams, links to excel or whatever, round and round.

22. Case Study – Letterman Digital Arts Center
“Despite numerous design layout changes that were required by Lucas Film Ltd. due to company restructuring, the LDAC project was completed on time and below the estimated budget….over two hundred design and construction conflicts were identified, most of which were corrected before construction, resulting in an
estimated savings of over
$10 million on this $350
million project.”
Key point in this case study was that they had a documented $10M savings on a $350M facility just from eliminating potential change orders
We now have hundreds of case studies demonstrating significant savings
Most of the savings currently identified come from the elimination of conflicts and the resulting change orders
In the future even more savings will come from having detailed information about facilities during operations and sustainment
Courtesy of AECbytes "Building the Future" Article (September 30, 2006)
Building Owners Driving BIM: The "Letterman Digital Arts Center" StoryMieczyslaw (Mitch) Boryslawski, Associate AIA
Founder, View By View, Inc.

23. Multiple Types of Analysis from the Same Model
This case study of the GM plant in Flint Michigan demonstrates the many analytic views generated from one model.
Global V6 engine plant for General Motors – Flint, MI (Courtesy: GHAFARI Associates)

24. USCG Integrated BIM/Mission Support Approach
Identifying Mission Requirements…
…Using BIM, Web Services and
IFC’s to Support Decisions and
Cost Effectively Plan for the Future…
…To Provide the Right Products to their Customers based on Mission Requirements
This case study from the Coast Guard shows how with BIM you can show how facilities directly support a mission.

25. Philosophical change in approach
Planned information relationships
Current Lack of Interoperability A B 2 3
Building A
Building B
Building C 1 3 1 2 4 4 1 3 2
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4 C 4
Start with a “BIM Blob”
Add shape
Add additional information
End up with a mature BIM or
obtain a complete BIM with
new construction
All it takes is a basic cultural/philosophical change.
Currently we have multiple applications all working on the same facility, but they are disconnected so sharing of information cannot occur.
The shift in thinking is to collect data in a structured way for each facility, then analysis and reporting can still be done across multiple facilities, but it more can be accomplished in the same facility without re-gathering similar information.
Once the structure is established then you can grow the BIM, starting with basic information which might not even have a graphic segment – a red BIM blob.
As information is gathered then the blob takes shape and matures eventually to a complete BIM, if that is what is desired. It can also be matured only to a pre-determined level. Estimated or less accurate information could be inserted so that the facility could be included in analysis or reporting. Confidence levels can be attached o less accurate information.
Since the information is structured, even if you don’t have a complete model you can still report based on the information you do have.
Information is available about a subject across all facilities but not about all subjects across all facilities

26. Emerging buildingSMART-NA Initiative
Draft Role
A Strategy for Improving Facilities
The buildingSMART Alliance will:
Act as a focal point for improving facilities efficiency
Establish consortia arrangements for conducting research,
Conduct forums and workshops,
Manage research and research-related projects,
Disseminate information,
Review work performed by others.
Develop and recommend standards, guidelines and certification programs;
Stimulate innovation in the industry
Promote increased understanding and communications
BIM is the result of a higher level of coordination through the facility industry emerging under the title of buildingSMART.
This coordination is required to ensure that the same concepts are being promoted in all facets of the facility industry.

27. To Read More About It … WBDG BIM Resource Page:
Intro/overview & list of associations and resources.
NIBS National BIM Standard Committee website:
Join the listserv and/or join the Committee and a Task Team
Assoc. General Contractors (AGC), Contractors’ Guide to BIM
GSA 3D & 4D Building Information Modeling:
Integrated Practice in Architecture, Elvin, Feb.’07
Mastering Design-Build, Fast-Track, and BIM
BSU College of Architecture & Planning:
We have only scratched the surface during this presentation, there is lots more you can learn about BIM. Please visit these web sites for more information.

28. For More Information
Contact Information
NIBS: Earle Kennett -
Chairman: Deke Smith -
Task Team Chairpersons
Fundraising: Ric Jackson -
Business Process Integration: Dave Jordani -
Scoping: Dianne Davis -
Development: Bill East -
Testing: Patrick Suermann -
Communications: Alan Edgar –
NBMIS:
I thank you for your attention and I direct you also to these other key players in the development of the National BIM Standard.
Thank You