1. CIVILIZATION Definition, Characteristics and...

2. Where from? »From Latin civis, meaning “citizen” or “townsman” » and so »Seen as people who live in cities but the definition(s) more complex--maybe

3. Civilization defined: »SIMPLE = complex society »COMPLEX = where many people live in cities, get their food from agriculture »BROADER = can refer to any distinct society, whether complex and city-dwelling, or simple and tribal

4. What characterizes? »government or a bureaucracy »formal social institutions »trade »technologies »arts including some form of written communication »agriculture »generally permanent settlements »division of labor - specialization of labor »control environment »social hierarchy

5. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS The earliest known civilizations originated in the Nile valley, China's Peiligang culture (discovered in 1977), Fertile Crescent, the Indus Valley (namely Mehrgarh, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa) and West Africa, where ancient peoples grouped together to form the first developed societies between the 10th and 3 rd millennia BC. However ongoing excavations reveal that an ancient civilization may also have originated in Jomon (Japan) at around the same time or before.

6. Early Cities »Jericho (Palestine) »Catal Huyuk (Turkey) »Loulan (China) POPULATION AROUND 3000 CIRCA 8000 BCE

7. What Brought About ? »Woman? »Effeminate Men? »Beer? »Prostitutes? (Lilith)

8. LATER SETTLEMENTS »Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent) »Ancient Egypt »Minoan »Indus (Harappa + Mohenjo-daro) »Yellow River Valley (Longshan + Yangshao) »MesoAmerican + Andean