1. The Dead Sea Scrolls 97121215 英四 B 陳之芃 Helen 98121320 英三 C 黃郁蓓 Jenny 98121329 英三 C 劉庭瑋 Julia 98121351 英三 C 潘若甄 Castle

2. Outline The introduction of The Dead Sea Scrolls Essenes Qumran The content The influence

3. The Dead Sea Scrolls A discovery of Scrolls: a shepherd boy Discovered in 1947 Location: Eleven caves in Qumran Origins: 250 BC~ 68CE It was probably written by Essenes.

4. Essenes Essenes flourished from 140BC-68CE One main community was Qumran near the northwest corner of the Dead Sea They were a monastic group They wrote and hid the Dead Sea scrolls before they were annihilated by the Romans

5. Essenes Live a largely communal life Hierarchical organization led by priests Daily purification rituals

6. Qumran

7. the reign of John Hyrcanus, 134-104 BCEJohn Hyrcanus Destroyed in 68 CE by the Romans Home to a Jewish sec (Essence) Cemetery Represent widely accepted Jewish beliefs and practices

8. Content ‧ Language: Hebrew Greek Aramaic ‧ The scrolls are made of animal skin ‧ Written from right to left ‧ There are almost no space between the words. ‧ Biblical: Fragments of every books of the Hebrew canon (Except Esther)

9. Content

10. Non-biblical: The interpretation of The Law Doctrine of Qumran community Criticism of the end of the world Hymn composition Psalms Commentaries on the Old Testament The explanation of why Abraham almost killed Isaac Not mentioned about Jesus

11. Influence The discovery of the Scrolls has enhanced our knowledge of Hebrew and Aramaic. The Scrolls enhance our knowledge of both Judaism and Christianity. The existence of the Old Testament

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