1. Required Rocks & Famous rock formations

2. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed when magma or lava cools & crystallizes
INTRUSIVE (Plutonic): magma cools underground slowly  large,visible crystals
GRANITE
Feldspar, quartz, mica
& hornblende
PEGMATITE
Quartz, feldspar, mica &
muscovite

3. Intrusive Igneous Rocks
GRANITE
PEGMATITE

4. Yosemite – El Capitan
3,600 feet granite exposed by glaciers

5. Yosemite – Half Dome 8,900 feet of granite Other ½ carved away?
93% grade

6. Joshua Tree– skull rock
granite

7. Joshua Tree– granite marbles

8. Shasta– Castle Crags
Granite from remnant of plug dome volcano.

9. Intrusive Igneous Rock
magma can penetrate rock
Horizontally  SILLS
Vertically  DIKE
INTRUSION ROCKS are rocks that have been “disturbed” magma

10. Devil’s Tower, WY Igneous intrusive rock in sedimentary rock
Thought to be a volcanic neck or plug, exposed by erosion

11. Devil’s Pipes– CA

12. Los Arcos, Cabo San Lucas
intrusive igneous rock worn away by waves

13. IGNEOUS ROCKS
EXTRUSIVE (Volcanic): lava cools above ground rapidly no visible crystals
OBSIDIAN
Silicon & oxygen
BASALT
Feldspar,pyroxene, & olivine
PUMICE
Silica & feldspar

14. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
OBSIDIAN
BASALT
PUMICE
“glassy”
black & forms bedrock
gas trapped as it cools

15. Columbia River Flood Basalts, OR

16. Shiprock, New Mexico
Basalt volcanic neck  erosion

17. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Rock form from sediments or organic material
CLASTIC: formed of large or small sediments cemented together
CONGLOMERATE - particles cemented
SANDSTONE- quartz, feldspar, & calcite
SHALE - feldspar, quartz, mica
LIMESTONE- calcite (coral, shells)
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH – calcite (diatoms)

18. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
CONGLOMERATE
SANDSTONE
SHALE
2 mm or larger
sand
1/16 – 2 mm
mud
less than 1/256 mm

19. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
LIMESTONE
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH

20. Arches, Utah
Sandstone built above salt beds combined with wind erosion  arches

21. Beehive, Utah

22. Chimney Rock, Colorado
Sandstone worn by erosion

23. “Finger to God”, Africa

24. Mono Lake Tufa
river carries calcium into lake which reacts with carbonates in lake  limestone

25. “Diatomaceous Earth”, Hat Creek
“chalk like“rock that crumbles into powder.
fossilized diatoms (algae)
used in tooth fillings, pool filters, cat litter

26. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
NON-CLASTIC: made from minerals or living things “ORGANIC”
CAVE DEPOSITS
“dripping” limestone
PETRIFIED WOOD
Fossilized wood – manganese, iron & copper
COPROLITE
Fossilized animal dung – calcium, phosphorous & quartz

27. Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
CAVE DEPOSITS
PETRIFIED WOOD
COPROLITE

28. Shasta Caverns

29. METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks changed by heat or pressure
MARBLE - changed from limestone
SLATE - changed from shale
MICA SCHIST - changed from pegmatite
QUARTZITE - changed from sandstone
GNIESS- changed from granite

30. Metamorphic Rocks
MARBLE
SLATE
MICA SCHIST
QUARTZITE
GNEISS

31. Sierra Nevada Mtns

32. Marble Canyon, Death Valley