1. Lecture 7b- 27 October 2014 Vitamins in metabolism and regulation Most of this lecture taken from Chapters 7,10,11 of Rolfes et al(Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition (Nutrition 2104/2105 text)

2. Outline of lectures 7a,b Vitamins Definition of vitamins Overview Bioavailability Precursors Organic nature Solubility Water soluble vitamins Fat soluble vitamins Toxicity Class exercise

3. Outline of lectures 7a,b Water Soluble vitamins B vitamins and C Found in what foods

4. Outline of lectures 7a,b B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Biotin Pantothenic acid B 6 folate B 12 Class exercise

5. Outline of lectures 7a,b Fat soluble vitamins Found in what foods Fat soluble vitamins class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism A D E K Class exercise

6. More detailed comments

7. Water Soluble vitamins B vitamins and C Found in what foods Thiamine-whole grains Riboflavin-milk products or whole grains Niacin-meat, eggs, fish, poultry, whole grains Biotin-widespread in foods, organ meats, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains, GI bacteria

8. Water Soluble vitamins B vitamins and C Found in what foods Pantothenic acid-widespread in foods, organ meats, broccoli, whole grains B 6 -meat, fish, poultry, legumes, fortified cereals folate-fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes B 12 -animal products, fortified cereals

9. B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism Thiamine-part of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-a coenzyme-small organic molecule that associates closely with certain enzymes -TPP removes carbon from pyruvate to make acetyl CoA TPP participates in Krebs cycle

10. B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism Riboflavin-part of co-enzymes FMN(flavin mononucleotide) and FAD(flavin adenine dinucleotide) (used in energy metabolism) -used in energy metabolism

11. B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism Niacin-part of co-enzymes NAD(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP(its phosphate form)-used in energy metabolism Biotin-part of coenzyme used in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid-part of co-enzyme A-used in energy metabolism

12. B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism B 6 -part of coenzymes PLP(pyroxidal phosphate) and PMP(pyridoxamine phosphate) used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism; helps convert tryptophan to niacin and serotonin folate-part of THF(tetrahydrofolate) and DHF(dihydrofolate) used in DNA synthesis

13. B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism B 12 -part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin used in new cells synthesis(THF metabolism) -reforms folate coenzyme -assists in catabolism of some fatty acids and amino acids -figure 10-13

14. Fig. 10-13, p. 347

15. file:///E:/Media/Animations/chapter10/Coenzyme_ Action/0709.html E:\Media\Animations\chapter10\Metabolic_Pathwa ys\1013.html

16. B VITAMINS REGULATION OF METABOLISM IS BY DEGREE OF PRESENCE OF CORRECT FORM OF VITAMIN

17. Vitamin C- found in what foods – -citrus fruits, cabbage type vegetables, dark green vegetables(bell peppers and broccoli), cantaloupe, strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, papaya, mangoes

18. Vitamin C-functions -collagen synthesis -forms scar tissue(collagen) -forms collagen matrix for bone growth -antioxidant (toxic doses-prooxidant) -thyroxin synthesis -amino acid metabolism(conversion of tryptophan to serotonin and norepinephrine) -helps in absorption of iron

19. Vitamin C-regulation of metabolism REGULATION OF METABOLISM IS BY DEGREE OF PRESENCE OF CORRECT FORM OF VITAMIN

20. Class exercise Explain the connections between source and function of each of the water soluble vitamins

21. Fat soluble vitamins Found in what foods A- retinol-fortified milk, cheese, cream, eggs, liver -Beta-carotene-spinach, dark leafy greens, broccoli, apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, sweet potato D-sunlight, fortified milk, butter, cereals; veal, fish E-polyunsaturated plant oils, leafy green vegetables, liver, yolks K-gi bacteria synthesis, leafy green vegetables, cabbage type vegetables, milk

22. Fat soluble vitamins class-roles in metabolism and regulation of metabolism A -retinol-protein synthesis -rhodopsin synthesis -not antioxidant(lipids) -Beta-carotene-antioxidant D-regulates bone mineral metabolism, primarily calcium E-antioxidant of lipids(fatty acids) K-activates blood clotting proteins

23. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS REGULATION OF METABOLISM IS BY DEGREE OF PRESENCE OF CORRECT FORM OF VITAMIN

24. Class exercise Explain the connections between source and function of each of the fat soluble vitamins