1. Health and Wellness: Introduction to Health Promotion/Disease Prevention
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2. Definitions of Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947)
A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle (Pender)
A person’s level of wellness, self-reported (Iggy)
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3. Models of Health and Illness
Health-Illness Continuum Model
Health Belief Model
Positive health behaviors
Negative health behaviors
Health Promotion Model
Holistic Health Model
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4. Health Promotion Model: Healthy People 2010
A nationally focused initiative toward better health for the American people
Meant to inspire health promotion programs
Goal is to increase the quality and years of life and eliminate the nation’s health disparities
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5. Internal and External Variables
Variables can influence how a person thinks, acts, and responds to an illness.
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6. Internal and External Variables
Developmental stage
Intellectual background
Emotional factors
Spiritual factors
External:
Family Practices
Socio-economic Factors
Cultural Background
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7. Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators
Physical Activity
Overweight and Obesity
Tobacco Use
Substance Abuse
Responsible Sexual Behavior
Injury, Violence and Safety
Immunization
Access to Health Care
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8. Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention
Passive strategies: individuals gain from activities of others without their own active participation
Active strategies: motivate the individual to adopt health programs and to seek health
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9. Levels of Prevention Primary prevention: true prevention
Secondary prevention: directed at diagnosis and intervention of those who are experiencing health problems or illnesses
Tertiary prevention: directed at rehabilitation of those clients with permanent and irreversible disease or disability
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10. Examples of Level of Prevention
Primary Prevention – immunizations, class for new parents on safety, teaching older adults the value of exercise.
Secondary Prevention – vision screening, breast and testicular exams.
Tertiary Prevention – cardiac rehabilitation, nutrition classes for new diabetics.
Craven – Table 33-1 p. 706

11. Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Disparities
Asthma
Mental Health
Obesity
Hypertension
Diabetes
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12. Risk Factors
Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
Categories of risk factors
Genetic and physiological factors
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
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13. Risk Factor Modification and Changing Health Behaviors
Identify risk factors in health promotion and disease prevention
Implement risk modification, health promotion, or illness prevention activities
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14. Illness
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
Acute illness: short term and severe
Chronic illness: persists over a period of time
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15. Illness Behavior Involves how people behave or respond to illness
Internal variables
Client’s perception of symptoms
Nature of illness
External variables influencing a client’s illness: social support, cultural background, economic status, and accessibility to health care system
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16. Discharge Planning The Discharge Planning Process
Identify client discharge needs: BRASS Index
Tell me about your home and how you will manage at home.
Do you have help at home?
Anticipate changes in client needs and how they will be met
How will the family manage care at home?
What are the family’s resources?
Ensure continuity of care
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