1. The Effect of Artificial Sugar and Raw Sugar on the Daphnia’s Heartbeat Katie Clarke Nov. 7 2006

2. Purpose To see how the daphnia’s heartbeat is affected by the artificial sugar and the raw sugar. To see how the daphnia’s heartbeat is affected by the artificial sugar and the raw sugar.

3. Background- Daphnia Over 150 species Over 150 species Males- 2 millimeters Males- 2 millimeters Females- 3-5 millimeters Females- 3-5 millimeters Diet of algae Diet of algae

4. Background- Artificial Sugar (Aspartame) Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid 40% 40% an excitotoxin an excitotoxin Can pass through the blood brain barrier Can pass through the blood brain barrier

5. Background- Aspartame Phenylalanine Phenylalanine 50% 50% 4% is in protein we eat 4% is in protein we eat

6. Background- Aspartame Methyl Ester Methyl Ester 10% 10% Wood Alcohol Wood Alcohol Breaks down into formaldehyde Breaks down into formaldehyde

7. Background- Raw Sugar Not processed Not processed From crushed sugar canes From crushed sugar canes Thin coating of molasses Thin coating of molasses

8. Hypothesis If the daphnia is exposed to artificial sugar containing aspartame the daphnia’s heartbeat will be higher than it would be with raw sugar. If the daphnia is exposed to artificial sugar containing aspartame the daphnia’s heartbeat will be higher than it would be with raw sugar.

9. Variables Dependant Variable- Daphnia’s heartbeat Independent Variable- Artificial sugar and Raw sugar

10. Control Control- Daphnia’s heartbeats with water

11. Constants Constants- The daphnia, the amount of raw sugar used, the amount of artificial sugar used, and the time each daphnia was watched. Constants- The daphnia, the amount of raw sugar used, the amount of artificial sugar used, and the time each daphnia was watched.

12. Materials 2 Cultures of Daphnia Magna 2 Cultures of Daphnia Magna 1 Teaspoon 1 Teaspoon 1 Microscope 1 Microscope 1 Slide 1 Slide Artificial Sugar “Equal” Artificial Sugar “Equal” Raw Sugar “Sugar in the Raw” Raw Sugar “Sugar in the Raw” 3 Eyedroppers 3 Eyedroppers 2 Cups of water 2 Cups of water 1 Watch 1 Watch

13. Procedure

14. Results

15. Results Daphnia's Average Heartbeat Minutes12345 Water 218245217267270 Artificial Sugar 312502299306304 Raw Sugar 290293301296298

16. Conclusion To see how the daphnia’s heartbeat is affected by the artificial sugar and the raw sugar. The Hypothesis was accepted Possible because of the excitotoxin Aspartame affects the brain more than the heart.

17. Used in Real Life To learn more about what we eat. To learn more about what we eat.

18. Recommendations Learn more about how it affects the heart Learn more about how it affects the heart Make the project last longer Make the project last longer

19. Acknowledge My parents My parents J.T. and Cori J.T. and Cori Mrs. Peffley Mrs. Peffley