2. The Imperatives of ICT Policy Using Innovation and Local Content for Sustainable Development Presented at e-NIGERIA 2013 4 th December, 2013 reachaoh@yahoo.co.ukreachaoh@yahoo.co.uk, 08034241874 Local Content in ICT Development in Nigeria: The Journey so Far Dr. (Mrs.) Wunmi Hassan, PhD President/CEO High Tech Centre for Nigerian Women and Youths

3. Outline of Presentation Preamble Policy Essentials Innovation Concepts Why Innovation? Foresight process: Way Forward Concluding Remarks About Us

4. Statement of Commitment “We are going to run our economy based on Science and Technology….because there is no where in this World now that you can move your economy without science and technology. For the next 4 years we will emphasize so much on S&T because we have no choice, without that we are just dreaming….” Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, GCFR President, Federal Republic of Nigeria In Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, 2011 This National ICT Policy aims to produce a framework that will enhance the ability of the ICT sector to propel the socio-economic development which is critical to Nigeria’s vision of becoming a top 20 economy by the year 2020. Concurrently, the policy document will be used to develop action plans, sub-sectoral policies and specific implementation strategies. Nigeria New ICT Policy 2012 3

5. Preamble Vision o Nigeria as a knowledge-based and globally competitive society. Mission o To fully integrate Information and Communication Technologies into the socioeconomic development of Nigeria, in order to transform Nigeria into a knowledge-based economy. New ICT Policy, 2012 “The increasing globalization driven by ICT makes it imperative for Nigeria as an emerging market to irreversibly consider the application and promotion of ICT strategy to facilitate its rapid growth and development. This will involve the development of a vibrant ICT sector to drive and expand the national production frontiers in agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors. It would also require the application of new knowledge to drive other soft sectors: governance, entertainments, public services, media sector, tourism, et cetera”. Vision 20:2020 Document

6. Policy Essentials Policy is the formulation of rules, norms and prescriptions intended to govern the subsequent decisions and actions of government (Richard et al, 1976) The National Policy therefore is the sum of key executive and legislative measures intended to be taken by major actors in any sector to generate, organize and use national scientific and technological knowledge and information potential with the objective of achieving the country's overall development objectives and enhancing its global competitiveness and ranking among the comity of nations (adapted from a UNESCO definition of Policy) Whether tacit or explicit, policies play a role in setting the parameters within which actors make decisions about learning and innovation.

7. Towards A Holistic Policy Process & Implementation Model 6 g Policy Implementation - Established Institutions - Factors of influence to policy implementation - Implementation so far; Policy Process i) The Context - The Historical Background - The Social, political structure in the country ii) Formulation stage - Constitution of actors for policy formulation - Source of inputs to policy formulation -Philosophy and Values of the people -Primary objectives of policy - Priority Areas - Economic inputs to formulation - Expectations / expected outcomes of the policy objectives Policy synthesis & Integration - Institutional Integration - Integration of policy to sectors - Mission statements of the policy in Sectors Application; - Stated Policy objectives; Policy Evaluation - Analysis of the intended and Actual or unintended outcomes - Comparison and analysis; - Lessons from factors of success and failures, - Strategies re-alignment, - Recommendations for review, - Conclusions Intended Outcomes Evaluation Report to form part of Policy Review Process Hassan, 2010 Unintended outcome

8. Policy Implementation The success of public administration for development can be measured only in relation to the implementation of policies. However good the o political system, noble the goals, sound the organisational system, o no policy can succeed if the implementation does not bear relationship to the intentions of the policy formulators. Implementation is a bridge that allows the objectives of public policies to be achieved as outcomes of government activity. o a process of putting policy into action, a process which is mainly concerned with coordinating and managing the various elements required to achieve the desired ends. 7

9. Expectations of Policy Implementation 1.Policy implementation is dependent on: o knowing what you want to do; o the availability of the required resources; o the ability to marshal and control these resources to achieve the desired end; and 2.Implementation is measure of inputs, outputs and outcomes/impacts o Inputs are the resources (personnel and finance) mobilised in producing o output (decisions taken by the implementing agency) to achieve set objectives o the outcomes (what happens to the target groups intended to be affected by the policy). 8

10. Successful Policy Implementation Involves: At the minimum, implementation includes: o adequate personnel and the financial resources to implement the policy o the administrative capability to achieve the desired policy goals and o political and judicial support (from the legislative, executive and judicial arms of the government) 9

11. Key Agents in Policy Management 10 Source: UNCTA The new ICT policy should be strategically anchored on a system of Innovation approach in terms of Administration, Implementation and Governance

12. Innovation Concept Innovation o Simply mean the application of knowledge in production o We innovate when we apply what we know to produce what we need or solve our immediate problems o Innovation works within networks i.e. a system o It is operational within a context

13. Private Sector Industrial Production Education and Research Government Policy Instrument Finance Venture fund Brokerage, Interface, Bridging Institutions Policy Instrument Structure of Interactions among the Elements of a typical Innovation System of a typical Innovation System Adapted from Tiffin,1997 12 CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

14. WHY INNOVATION? 13 INNOVATION ICTs in areas of local strength ICTs in areas of local strength N N Ideas Competitiveness N $ £N $ £ N $ £N $ £ Socio-economic Dev. Socio-economic Dev. Creativity Knowledge Skills To Innovate with ICTs locally is recognising the strengths, motivations and resourcefulness of citizens (especially the digitally excluded people) and the opportunities our people initiates when accessing and using technologies

15. ICT Policy Eco- & Innovation System 14 Finance Human Capital (K-Worker) Institutions Law and Regulations Process and Management K-Generation & Acquisition K-Utilisation & Management Government People At Large Enterprises Make Some Government Enterprises Buy Some ICT Policy The Eco-System Source:Rahman,2012

16. Discontinuous change o sudden change to new levels o usually destroys the framework o always involves short-term loss Rates of Change Continuous change –gradual improvement over time –usually preserves the framework Increase in uncertainty

17. Essentials for A Transformed Nigeria ICT Policy 16 Ten Components: Political Commitment Policy Integration ICT Advisory System ICT Development, Planning, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation Infrastructure for ICT Development & Acquisition Best Practices Check List for ICT Management The Human Resource Pyramid Funding & Mgmt. of R&D Mechanism For Comm. Res. & Tech Integrated HRD Mechanism for ICT Acculturisation Smart Partnership & Science Ethics Practitioners Educators Managers Planners Popularisers Advisors Champions

18. When the winds of change are blowing, one builds shelter and others build windmills Foresight is to create the future

19. Acceleration of future technology development in 21 st Knowledge Based Economy 10 20 30 40 (Year) Customers Internet PC Mobile Phone Fax Cable TV Telephone 10 million Development of Future Technology

20. The faster we go......the farther away we need to see Future Prospect in ICTs Surprises

21. Strongly influenced by imagination Strongly influenced by experiences and knowledge sharing Strongly influenced by discussions and knowledge exchange Strongly influenced by facts & data Modelling Extrapolation Indicators Benchmarking Quantitative (6) if the activity uses or is based on reliable numerical data (i.e. statistical information) Cross-impact Bibliometrics Innovation / Foresight Diamond for Localisation Creativity InteractionExpertise Evidence Science fiction Scanning Qualitative (17) relying less on numbers and statistics (i.e. subjective reports, synthesis and evaluation of ideas or documents) Brainstorming Essays / Scenario writing Conferences / Seminars Wild cards SWOT analysis Expert Panels Genius forecasting Scenario workshop Morphological analysis Interviews Literature review Citizen Panels Relevance trees / Logic charts Backcasting Role Play/Acting Roadmapping Semi-quantitative (10) applying mathematical principles to process subjective knowledge (i.e. weighting ideas, systems theory) Quantitative Scenarios/SMIC Delphi System/Structural analysis Voting / Polling Gaming-simulation Stakeholders Mapping Key/Critical technologies Multi-criteria Patent analysis Rafael Popper, U of Manchester

22. Foresight Processes – Way Forward Methods are used at all stages Analysis of trends drivers, opportunities: construction of “visions” Creation and implementation of plans, priorities, products Identification and enlistment of key stakeholders and knowledge sources

23. Hierarchical Perspective of the PIE cycle

24. Communicating ICT4D is not...is about... Promoting an institution Glorifying ICTs / Technologies without asking questions One-way flow of information Dialogue Engagement Respect for audience and context ICTs and how it matters to society Addressing key actors & stakeholders

25. Communication Channels

26. Innovative ICT Policy for Development Delivers the right information, to the right people in the right place and time, in the right way, avoiding haziness.

27. Concluding Remarks  The National VISION, AGENDA and Global Plans need a platforms to function  One of such major platforms is no other than the application of ICTs and Science & Technology in all spheres of our Socio-economic development  The New ICT as well as the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy is the DRIVER for the much envisioned Transformation Agenda in Nigeria;  Stakeholders must be properly involved and engaged;  Robust funding mechanism must be designed and pursued;  Building of strong institutional structure and legal framework for ICT engagements and activities is essential;  Strong political commitment towards the implementation process and engendering local and international partnerships is very important.

28. The High Tech Centre for Women and Youths About Us o Non Profit Organization o ICT Capacity Building of women and youths o Liaise and network with public and private organizations involved in the ICT sector o Situated in the city of Abuja. Objectives o Assist in the empowerment of women and youths in Nigeria for National Development through: Training and capacity building Advocacy and Research activities Developing Business partnership and Opportunities Networking at local and International levels The capacity building hub of the nation in ICT Policy Review, Formulation, Advocacy and Implementation strategic plan

29. Our Philosophy ICTs are an essential tool for the social and economic development of women, o providing education, promoting literacy, improving access to health care and participation in government and civil society. o Women then reinvest in families and communities, multiplying the benefits of investment. The High-Tech Centre for Nigeria Women and Youths since 2004 has been addressing/appraising the decadence and fall out of women in ICT as a panacea for growth and development of Nigeria. The questions that arises are: o How can women at the bottom of the pyramid be connected to ICTs and broadband networks? o What best practices are in place for women to be trained in e-skills, set up online businesses and engage meaningfully in social, economic and political activity? All and more are our reasons for OUR EXISTENCE o our answers will go a long way in stating our case as women, and a key factor in the development of a stable and viable economy.

30. Final Remarks Equality for women and girls in ICTs is not only a basic human right, but also a social and economic imperative; Educated, empowered women create productive, strong economies and societies, and where women are fully represented creates a more peaceful and stable economy. “When we empower women, we empower communities, nations and the entire human family. ” (Ban ki moon UN Secretary-General ) POWER UP WOMEN!!! IT’s TIME TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN OUR WORLD

31. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 30