1. Ergonomic Awareness Presented by QBE Loss Control Services

2. Ergonomics From the Greek Words: “Ergon”- Work “Nomos”- Laws Fitting the Jobs to the Workers not the Workers to the Jobs

3. People Vs. Machines People Decision Making Small Force Application Non-Programmed Activities Teamwork Machines Pre-Programmed Activities Repetition Applying Large Forces Working in Hazardous Locations

4. Terminology CTD’s- Cumulative Trauma Disorders MSDs- Musculoskeletal Disorders (OSHA) Repetitive Motion Injuries/Disorders Repetitive Strain Injuries Overuse Syndrome

5. Types of Disorders Tendon Related –Tendonitis –Tenosynovitis –Epicondylitis –Trigger finger Nerve Related –Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Muscle Related –Lower Back Injuries –Sprains –Strains –Inflammation Circulatory Related –Raynaud’s Syndrome (White Finger)

6. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

7. Risk Factors for CTDs Repetition Duration Force Posture Static Loads Mechanical (Contact) Stress Low Temperatures Vibration

8. Personal Risk Factors Off-Job Activities Exercise Strength/Fitness Health

9. Awkward Posture Flexion Ulnar Deviation Extension

10. Awkward Posture Bending Trunk Overhead Reach Bent Neck

11. Contact Stress

12. Vibration

13. Psychosocial Issues Job Frustration Job Stress Unresolved Frustration Management Insensitivity Anger Depression Conflicts with Supervisors

14. Anthropometry “Scientific measurements of human body to optimize human/equipment interface” Do not design for the “average person” Design for largest and then adjust for the range of workers

15. Ergonomics Process Identify Problem Job Identify Risk Factors Compare Risk Factors to Guidelines Implement Solutions Re-evaluate

16. Ergonomics Program Management Leadership/ Employee Participation Hazard Identification and Control Training Medical Management Program Evaluation Records

17. Hierarchy of Controls Reduce or Eliminate Hazard using Engineering Controls Change Work Practices and Policies by Administrative Controls Use Personal Protective Equipment

18. Engineering Controls Change Workstation Layout Change Tools Change Way Materials Transported Change Process Change Packaging Change Way Tools/Parts Manipulated

19. Administrative Controls Reduce Shift Length or Overtime Rotate Employees Through Several Jobs Broaden Job Content Schedule More Breaks Adjust Work Pace Training

20. Personal Protective Equipment Shoes Gloves Knee Pads Braces? Wrist Splints? Back Belts? Vibration Attenuating Gloves? Not Effective and May Cause More Problems

21. Ergonomic Tools

22. Standing Work Precision Light Heavy 37”-43”34”-37”28”-35”

23. VDT Work Stations

24. What’s Wrong With This Picture ?

26. What’s Wrong with This Picture?

27. What’s Wrong With This Picture ?

34. Ergonomic Chairs?

35. Bins

36. Drums

37. Pallet Stacking

38. Eliminate Kneeling

39. Work Table

40. Loading Trucks

41. Hoists/Cranes

42. Carts