1. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES

2.  Most Hazardous Materials under the Hazard Communication Standards are mixtures  Evaluate the material based on either the most hazardous ingredient or the ingredient that represents the largest percentage of the mixture

3. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the most important tools available to employers for providing information and protection to workers from hazardous chemicals which are used in the workplace.

4. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Identity of the chemicalControl measures Physical and chemical characteristics Emergency procedures Physical hazardsWhether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program Annual Report on Carcinogens Chemical hazardsPrecautions for safe handling and use Primary routes of entryDate of preparation PEL’s or other exposure limits Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

5. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Most Hazardous Ingredient vs. Largest Percentage Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): Lower the PEL, the more hazardous the material Solutes or propellants like CO 2, or H 2 0 or N 2, represent less hazard Carcinogens: Materials containing >1.0% carcinogens should be replaced Hazardous ingredients in minimal percentage: may wish to use a less hazardous ingredient in a larger percentage instead

6. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES

7. Rate of Exposure vs. Environmental Conditions How much material is processed over what time period? Natural and forced ventilation, temperature, humidity The greater the rate of exposure, the greater the effects related to the chemical These conditions effect a materials ability to disperse

8. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  Specific Gravity (SG) is a ratio of the density of a material to the density of water at 4 o C  If this ratio is <1, the substance floats  The human body is 70% water  SG>1 are detected more quickly by the body than SG<1

9. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES SG>1 because it usually enters the body more deeply and can reside there

10. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  Density is the amount of substance per unit volume. Vapor Density is the ratio of a volume of gas (vapor) to an equal volume of air  If VD chem /VD air < 1, then the substance displaces air

11. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Nitrogen is not a toxic gas, but it displaces air and is a simple asphyxiate. If the product is used in a confined space where it will displace the consumer’s oxygen, then it is very hazardous.

12. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  Flash point: the point at which liquid gives off vapors that can ignite  Boiling point: the point at which liquid gives off vapors  Flash point must be interpreted with respect to boiling point--A material must boil and release vapors before it can ignite

13. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  MSDS assumes worst case scenario  For example: overexposure to water cause drowning  If any sign or symptom of overexposure is experienced, then the exposure is approaching the PEL  The situation must be reconsidered  PPE must be identified and applied

14. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  MSDS assumes worst case scenario  May not apply to the intended exposure under the normal operating conditions  Example:  A popular brand of rubber cement specifies an impervious apron and goggles as the required PPE  When identifying PPE, must consider intended exposure and normal operating conditions  Any questions, call the manufacturer for guidance

15. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Many MSDS use the HMIG system to identify required PPE. It is based on system developed by the US Army Example of PPE Codes: ASafety Glasses BSafety Glasses and Gloves CSafety Glasses, Gloves, and Apron DFace Shield, Gloves and Aprons

16. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Commonly observed Precautions:  Storage  Keep dry  Emergency Conditions  Assume that ingredients will emit toxic smoke  Standard Operating Conditions  Ventilation

17. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES The introduction of a new chemical must be assessed with respect to present chemicals: 1. EPA Compatibility Chart 2. Internet Resources 3. The Manufacturer

18. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  The Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) is a law intended to evaluate all materials before the public encounters them  TSCA includes a list of all materials already evaluated.  In the MSDS, under Regulatory Information, the chemical should be on the TSCA list

19. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES If a material is regulated by several laws, like:  Clean Water Act  Resource Conservation & Recovery Act  Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act  Safe Drinking Water Act then it probably is hazardous and an alternative should be identified

20. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES In the MSDS, the most common disposal method is to  “Dispose of in accordance with local ordinances”  This means the material or substance can be disposed of in municipal garbage Remember:  If it is a liquid, pour it down the appropriate drain to the waste treatment plant  If it is a solid, put it in the dumpster

21. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES Carbonated soft drinks, like Mountain Dew and Coca Cola, are very acidic and create the release of contaminants in landfills. For evidence, just look around the base of a dumpster or roll off in a public parking lot. NEVER DISPOSE OF LIQUIDS IN THE SOLID WASTE! A liquid will promote the leaching (release) of toxic materials from the solid waste stream.

22. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  There is no uniform or single form for MSDS  It seems that every manufacturer has its own format  As long as the MSDS addresses the required information, it is legal  When information is missing, use the non emergency phone contact number to ask for the data

23. ENERGY INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS: MODULE 2, UNIT C — HAZARDS AND RESPONSES  The Internet  Call the vendor who sold the material  Call the manufacturer  On labeling of most consumer products, there is a phone number for questions about the product.  If no number, the label must give the manufacturer’s name and address; search for the manufacturer’s contact information on the website  Employer probably has the MSDS on file.