1. Literary Terms These terms commonly appear in the narrative reading section of the HSPA.

2. Alliteration: the repetition of an initial consonant sound Example : Rabbits Running over Roses

3. Irony: when the result of something is opposite to what the reader expects Example: “Trusting no man as his friend, he could not recognize his enemy when the latter actually appeared

4. Hyperbole: To exaggerate something for an effect

6. Simile : a comparison between two things, using like or as, to show or suggest that they are similar Examples: The little boy is as light as a feather. Your eyes sparkle like diamonds.

7. Metaphor : a comparison between two things to show or suggest that they are similar Examples: She is a shining star. Johnny is a weasel.

8. Foreshadowing: giving clues to the reader about what is going to happen Examples: "put off your journey until sunrise and sleep in your own bed to-night“…”The sun is setting, and Faith's worries create a mood of apprehension. “

9. Understatement : a statement that makes something seem smaller or less important than it really is Example : You've just finished the hardest workout of your entire life, you're moments away from dropping dead from exhaustion, and a friend comes by and sees you sweaty, huffing and puffing, and says, "Tired?" and you answer, "Just a little."

10. Theme: the central idea of a story; the message or main point the author wants to get across

11. Satire : making fun of something or someone with humor or sarcasm Examples: “Saturday Night Live,” “South Park”

12. Tone: the emotional attitude or feeling of an entire work Examples: playful, serious, funny

13. Allusion: a reference to a commonly known person, place, event, or piece of literature Example: Taylor Swift’s song, “Love Story”… …That you were Romeo You were throwing pebbles And my daddy said, "Stay away from Juliet" And I was crying on the staircase Begging you, "Please don't go"

14. Symbolism: something that stands for something else or suggests an idea Examples: A heart symbolizes love.

15. Onomatopoeia: the creation of words that imitate natural sounds; words that look how they sound Examples: bang, boom, splat

16. Oxymoron : a combination of words that have opposite or very different meanings Examples: No-Smoking sign in an ashtray; Jumbo Shrimp

17. Personification: giving human qualities to nonhuman objects Example: “…the moon gazed”