1. A Circulation Model to Investigate the Movement of Wastes from an Open Ocean Aquaculture Site David W. Fredriksson U. S. Naval Academy NOAA Research - Marine Aquaculture Program Grant # NA08OAR4170859 James D. Irish University of New Hampshire Dale A. Kiefer University of Southern California Jack Rensel Rensel Associates Aquatic Sciences Frank O’brien System Science Applications

2. Objectives 1.Build hydrodynamic model mesh – perform calculations driving system with diurnal and semi-diurnal tides 2. Validate model hydrodynamics with measured velocities 3.Drive the AquaModel (simulates bio-energetics and the fate of wastes) 4.Preliminary case studies – goal to “Quantify Effects of Commercial Offshore Aquaculture” viewed in Google Earth 1.Develop a validated, simple to use regional circulation model of coastal MA, NH, ME (USA). 2.Use the hydrodynamic output to drive a bio-energetic and fish farm waste model Approach

3. Hydrodynamic Model 1.Advanced Circulation Model – ADCIRC: Standard “off-the-shelf” depth averaged hydrodynamic model (with variations) 2.Solves shallow water wave equations – suitable for coastal applications – requires bathymetry and boundary conditions 3.Used by:  U.S. Army Corps  FEMA  Navy  NOAA  Just about everyone else 4.Techniques can be taught to STEM* majors 5.Validation is the difficult part of modeling! * Educational buzz-word for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math

4. Modeling and Data Collection Site University of New Hampshire Open Ocean Aquaculture Site within the model domain

5. Boundaries and Bathymetry Open Ocean Shoreline Island Bathymetry: National Ocean Service Database (NOSDB)

6. Mesh Generation Aquaculture Site 1.Unstructured Mesh (triangular elements) 2.Interpolated Bathymetry 3.High Resolution at aquaculture site (~50 m) Apply tide elevations and phases at open boundaries

7. Hydrodynamic Modeling “Forcing” by tidal elevations 1.Model was “Forced” by tidal elevations at the open boundaries 2.Tidal elevations produced from the K1, O1, M2 and N2 constituents (no weather components) – low flow condition? 3.Constituent amplitudes and phases with nodal factors interpolated from database EASTCOAST 2001 for the open ocean boundaries 4.NOAA data for the Portsmouth boundary

8. Simulation Video Portsmouth, NH Harbor Isles of Shoals Aquaculture Site

9. Oceanographic Buoy at the Aquaculture site Hydrodynamic Modeling Comparison with measured data Pressure Sensor measures surface elevation ADCP measures velocities

10. WARNING !!!! The next THREE slides shows DATA DATA

11. Data Comparison – Aquaculture Site Model vs. Measured Surface Elevation

12. Data Comparison – Aquaculture Site Model vs. Measured Velocities

13. Data Comparison – Aquaculture Site Model vs. Measured Velocities

14. AquaModel 1.AquaModel: Simulates waste deposition, benthic dynamics, water quality and bio-energetics 2.Like the hydrodynamic model results, operated within the EASy GIS program. 3.In this case, used the output of the circulation model as input to AquaModel 4.Results can be view in a Google-Earth environment

15. AquaModel – UNH site example 12 Net Pens 12 Net Pens Pen volume: 37500 m 3 Pen volume: 37500 m 3 stocked at 15 kg/m 3 stocked at 15 kg/m 3 Portsmouth, NH Isles of Shoals

16. AquaModel - Settings Net Pen Configurationsand Stocking Density

17. AquaModel - Settings Ambient Water Conditions OperationalSettings

18. AquaModel - Settings BenthicConditions

19. HydrodynamicandAquaModelresults Presented Google Earth

20. Hydrodynamic and AquaModel results in Google Earth Fish Farm Data Site Oxygen Profile Oxygen Transect Nitrogen Profile Nitrogen Transect Sediment Characteristics

21. Hydrodynamic and AquaModel results in Google Earth Aquaculture Site: Velocity Vectors Fish cages Surface Oxygen Portsmouth, NH Harbor Isles of Shoals

22. What have we done? 1.Refine hydrodynamics – develop 3-D structure in water column 2.Develop details input to AquaModel 3.Investigate “carrying” capacity of the offshore site HOW MUCH BIO-MASS CAN BE RAISED AND AT WHAT CONDITIONS INVESTIGATE ECONOMICS OF SCALE WHILE MINIMIZING IMPACT What are our next steps? Integrated GIS to show hydrodynamic calculations driving a fish farm bio-energetic and waste model PRESENTED IN GOOGLE EARTH

23. GO NAVY