1. WAAM Boxing Training Utility Warren Anderson Alexander Stewart Mark Craig Avinash Ramlall

2. Problem or Need What is the need? ◦To have an interactive, endurance based dynamic boxing training utility. Where does it arise? ◦The need for this device may arise at a gym, home, and can even be used as a recreational game as a source of entertainment.

3. Motivation Why is it important? ◦It takes a standard boxing training device and adds dynamic feedback that the user can use to evaluate progress. What is the value of the solution? ◦The device adds feedback to a boxers training regimen. ◦The device can create a source of income if used as a recreational game, users may be charged per round as they compete with their friends.

4. Objective Have a working final product of a portable, lightweight device that motivates the user to improve their boxing coordination and fitness.

5. Alternatives Generic speed bag and drum ◦Produces no dynamic feedback Arcade boxing games ◦Used as entertainment ◦Evaluates punching power only ◦Does not provide training capabilities

6. Acceptable Solution The device shall use a standard speed bag and drum assembly. The device shall be portable ◦The device shall weigh less than 25 lbs. ◦The device shall be designed to mount on a wall or hang on a door. The device shall be complete and packaged ◦All electrical components shall be enclosed. ◦A user interface shall be included to control device operation. ◦The device shall provide a means of dynamic feedback to the user.

7. Design Approach Research acceptable Sensor Decide the useful inputs ◦Wave produced from accelerometer. ◦Amplitude of signal relating to how hard the bag was hit or how many times the bag hit something ◦Frequency of signal relating to the speed that the bag is hit. Research ways of processing signal to create a useful signal.

8. Design Approach Decide the Useful Outputs ◦Score based on user performance ◦Dynamic information  Dynamic Feedback on user performance ◦Decide how outputs will be displayed to user Team is very hardware based ◦Most signal processing done through hardware ◦Software used to quantify data and manipulate display.

9. Hardware Design Hardware Signal Flow Diagram

10. Hardware Design Accelerometer ◦5 g rating Filter ◦Band-pass 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz ◦Eliminates DC component of Accelerometer ◦Filters noise beyond useable signal range Bar-Graph Display (LED Lighting Unit) ◦Displays amplitude of Accelerometer signal Frequency to Voltage Converter ◦Converts AC signal from Accelerometer to a voltage ◦0 Hz to 10 Hz input : 0 VDC to 4 VDC ATmega328 Microcontroller Unit ◦Provides Analog to Digital converter ◦Provides many external interrupts ◦Provides many I/O ports for communication to external devices ◦Provides plenty of memory LCD ◦2x16 character display

11. Software Design General Software Algorithm

12. Software Design ADC Converter Initialization Normal Mode Works within LCD timer loop 2 Samples per second Operates w/125 kHz clock cycle Originally design to operate on interrupt basis with 8- bit counter Counter and interrupts shelved for simpler design 8 bit resolution 5V Voltage Reference

13. Enclosure and Mounting Design LED Display  10-10mm LEDs  20mA Mounting Hardware  Lightweight yet durable  Doesn’t include many parts  Incorporate existing parts Main Enclosure ◦Buttons (start, reset) ◦Switch (on/off) ◦LCD ◦Knob for contrast adjust ◦Port for wall jack ◦Parallel port (Accelerometer, LED Display)

14. Implementation User Experience ◦Start  3…2…1…Go! ◦60 Second Game  Feedback every 10 seconds based on frequency  Lights represent punching power ◦Final Score  Score out of 1000

15. IP and Prior Work 555 based voltage inverter http://www.aaroncake.net/circuits/vinvertr.asp LCD Library 4 Bit LCD Interface Author: Scienceprog.com - Copyright 2007 GNU public license Http://www.gnu.org/license/gpl.txt

16. Testing Physical Properties Solid door mounting Portability (size, weight, wire strain, ability to disassemble) Speed bag durability Signal Processing Confirm the motion of the speed bag is accurately converted to signal Proper signal filtering Proper voltage to frequency conversion Interface Included proper software functionality (counter, score calculation...etc) LCD All inputs Board programmability Project Guideline Fulfill class requirements

17. Results What worked? How well? ◦Band-pass Filter ◦Software Algorithm ◦Board Connector What didn’t work? Why? ◦Had to put a mod wire on the board in order to re-route the output on the frequency to voltage converter ◦Replace capacitors with polarized capacitors due to effects of Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) ◦LED Display was drawing too much current  Thought display driver was limiting the current through the LED, but was not limiting enough

18. Contributions Mark Craig ◦LT Spice ◦PCB ◦Programming ◦Documentation ◦Testing ◦Built main system enclosure ◦Board Assembly Warren Anderson ◦Programming ◦Documentation ◦Testing ◦Board Assembly ◦Mounted Assembly ◦Testing at his cousin’s Alexander Stewart ◦Programming ◦Documentation ◦Testing  User Interface ◦Board Assembly Avinash Ramlall ◦Documentation ◦Testing ◦Built LED display ◦Built door mounting hardware ◦Board Assembly

19. Lessons Learned What did each member of the team learn as a result of the project? ◦Having great communication with your group allows a project to progress smoothly. ◦General soldering skills for surface mount components ◦Include lots of test points ◦C-programming syntax ◦Working with EAGLE CAD

20. What Would You Change? Mark - “I would figure out a different way to invert the input voltage from the power supply. The 555 Timer’s output was rectified as a negative supply voltage, which varied from the simulation. After further research, a charged pump inductor-less switching supply would have done a better job and been more reliable.” Alex – “If we had more time I would have liked to have everything operate on an interrupt basis using the 8-bit counter. Also I would have liked to implement the functionality of the frequency to voltage converter in software rather than in hardware.”

21. What Would You Change? Avi – “ I would have chosen a project that each member could have taken home for show and tell.” Warren – “I would have liked to have added a high score feature that would be stored in memory. This could further help users to surpass their goals.”

22. Thank You WAAM Boxing Training Utility *Special Thanks to Sunstone Circuits for providing our printed circuit boards.