1.  Early childhood  Middle childhood Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 33

2. Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 34  Early Childhood

3.  Lasts 2 to 7 years of age  growth less rapid than during infancy  Children in preoperational stage show egocentric thought  Animism  Language Proficiency Developmental Psychology 35 Early childhood

4.  Physical development  Motor development  Language development  Cognitive development  Emotional and social development Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 36 Early childhood

5.  Increase in weight as a result of muscles growth, especially among males (At the end of this stage weight up to seven times what it was at birth)  Increase in bone growth leads to a shift in the shape from an infant to toddler  Temporary tooth growth is completed (Temporary tooth loss at the end of this stage, announcing the beginning of the appearance of permanent teeth)  Continuation of the nervous system growth ahead in its growth on other systems Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 37 Early childhood

6. Age in yearsMotion 3 years  Easily running  Easily jumping  Easily standing  Wash his hands alone  Eating with a spoon  Go to toilet alone 4 years  Jumping from a high place  Using the arm only in throwing 5 years  Good balance 6-7 years  Coordination between hands & eyes  Controlling of the minute muscle  Riding a Tricycles – Swimming - Dancing Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 38 Early childhood

7. SentenceWord countAge in years 2 Words50  2 years 3 Words400  2.5 years 4 Words1000  3 years Language Proficiency>>>>  4 years Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 39 Early childhood

8.  Preoperational stage – children sometimes think illogically by adult standards  Animistic Thinking  Egocentrism  Conservation Problems  Intuitive Thinking (Guessing solution based on what shown by the senses) Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 40 Early childhood

9.  Most notable social changes in: ◦ Independence ◦ Simulate the role of the father and mother ◦ Peer relationships and types of play:  Solitary play  Parallel play  Cooperative play Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 41 Early childhood

10. Developmental Psychology Early Childhood Solitary play فردي Parallel play متوازي Cooperative play تعاوني Early childhood 42

11.  Most notable emotional changes in: ◦ Development in emotion from public to private ◦ Increase positive emotions ◦ Lack of negative emotions (Crying - Anger) ◦ Decrease the feeling of fear ◦ Control emotions and impulses ◦ Autonomy vs. shame / doubt Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 43 Early childhood

12.  Lasts from 7 to 11 years of age  Characterized by slow physical growth  Concrete operational stage – increased abilities  Important cognitive changes occur  Use of Compound sentences Developmental Psychology 44

13.  Physical development  Motor development  Language development  Cognitive development  Emotional and social development Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 45 Middle childhood

14.  Slow physical growth compared to the previous stages  At the age of seven total length about 117 cm, weight 21.6 kg (Males are more in length and weight than females)  At the age of ten total length about 152cm, weight 45kg (Males are more in length and weight than females, but after this age, the opposite happens)  Nervous system is becoming increasingly complex  Increases sexual glands growth as a preparation of puberty Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 46 Middle childhood

15. Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 47 Middle childhood  Controlling of all muscles  Possibility to participate in all kinds of play  Violent play for males

16. Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 48 Middle childhood  2,500 words at school age  Use of Compound sentences  Use of numbers  Discrimination between vocabulary  Correctly using of tenses

17.  Concrete operational stage – increased abilities  Thinking more logically, but it can also be very rigid.  Tending to struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts.  Less egocentric and beginning to think about how other people might think and feel.  Beginning to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings, and opinions.  Ability to: (Classification – Recall - Flexible thinking – Conclusion).  Child thinking allows conservation problems to be solved.  Reverse thinking.  Increasing the ability to imagine and attention, but it can also few. Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 49 Middle childhood

18.  Most notable social changes in: ◦ Close ties to parents ◦ Peer relationships become increasingly important ◦ Friendships more important, last longer ◦ Cliques or groups formed, mostly same sex ◦ Terms boyfriend and girlfriend have little meaning at this stage Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 50 Middle childhood

19.  Most notable emotional changes in: ◦ Calmness and stability in emotions ◦ Control emotions and impulses ◦ Self-control ◦ Industry vs. Inferiority Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Developmental Psychology 51 Middle childhood