1. Monroe Envirothon Forestry 2009

2. Identifying Pennsylvania Trees Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship Program

3. Tree Types Evergreen Deciduous

4. Leaf Types Scale-like Broad and Flat Needles

5. Deciduous Leaf Types CompoundSimpleor

6. Leaf margins Dentate EntireDouble serrate Lobed Serrate (smooth)

7. Leaf & Branch Arrangement <Whorled Alternate Opposite

8. Evergreen Species Eastern Hemlock PA State Tree, Uses: Building Lumber

9. Eastern White Pine 5 needles in bundle> Uses: Building Lumber, shelving, furniture, log homes

10. Norway Spruce Uses: Building lumber

11. Deciduous – Opposite Branching Species Red/Soft Maple Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets

12. Sugar/Hard Maple Uses: furniture, cabinets, flooring (including bowling alleys), pallets

13. Red Maple Acer rubrum Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

14. Norway Maple

15. White Ash Uses: Baseball bats, handles, furniture, flooring, pallets

16. Alternate Branching Species Northern Red Oak Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets

17. White Oak Uses: furniture, barrels, flooring, pallets

18. White OakRed Oak

19. White Oak

20. American Beech Uses: pallets, butcher blocks

21. Yellow Birch Uses: furniture, cabinets, pallets

22. Sweet (Black) Birch Uses: furniture, cabinets, pallets

23. Black Cherry Uses: furniture, cabinets, paneling

24. Bitternut Hickory Uses: tool handles, cabinets

25. Wild Grape

29. Forest Succession & Wildlife Habitat

34. Forest Health Threats

35. Gypsy Moth Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 200 to 800 eggs in a egg mass Hatch: early May, timed with oak leaf-out Located on tree trunks, under branches Caterpillar: ID: 5 pairs of blue dots & 6 pair of red dots 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June-early July 5 to 6 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of the leaves eaten in last two instars Prefer oak, aspen, basswood, beech Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks Reddish to black color Moth/Adult: Male & female moths last for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring Female white and male buff colored Female moth does not fly

36. Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA) Non-native – native to China and Japan First found in PA, in the late 1960s Now has been ID’ed in 2/3 of PA Counties Population has been very low for several years Feeds on all hemlock varieties A very complicated life cycle Two generations per year but 2 nd generation is inactive during the summer Feeds by attaching itself to the base of the needle and sucking sap Others – elongate scale, mites, drought Forecast Increasing again in 2006 – mild winter

37. Emerald Ash Borer Exotic Beetle from Asia Discovered in Michigan in July 2002 Discovered in western PA in June 2007 Adult Beetles: Metallic green wing covers – ½” to ¾” long Peak emergence – late June & early July Live for about 3 weeks – mate, lay eggs & die Feeds on the margins of ash leaves Males are smaller than females Adults are strong fliers – up to a mile Eggs/Egg Mass: Female can lay 60 to 90 eggs – July/August Eggs deposited in bark crevices anywhere on the tree Eggs hatch in 7 to 10 days - August Larvae/Borer: Bore into tree immediately after egg hatch White grub – full grown 1” to 1 ½” long Feeds on the cambium layer between the bark & wood Only feeds on ash species Feeding is completed in autumn Over-winters in phloem/cambium layer Pupation: Larva to adult beetle (pupation) occurs in April/May Damage to tree: Feeding in the phloem/cambium layer girdles the tree Feeds on the upper branches & main stem first Trees often die after 3 to 4 years after infestation

38. Eastern Tent Caterpillar Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branches Caterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers cherry, apple, and other fruit trees Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks White to yellowish color Moth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring

39. Forest Tent Caterpillar Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branches Caterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers sugar maple, ash, aspen Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks, Moth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring

40. Riparian Stream Buffers