1. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Counter-Terrorism in the Maritime Environment Dr Stephen Thompson 26 th April 2006

2. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Overview »Maritime Transport and Offshore Facilities Act 2003 –The maritime specific C-T legislation » The broader Australian C-T response –The National Counter Terrorism Plan (NCTP) –Call-out of military forces and self-help »Profile of a terrorist »Risk management and terrorism »Protecting people and assets from terrorism »OHS law and C-T, e-terrorism »Contracting practices, insurance issues 17964747

3. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter What is a terrorist act? »Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) –Terrorism (Commonwealth Powers) Act 2002 –Terrorism (Police Powers) Act 2002 »3 elements for a terrorist act:

4. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter The maritime C-T regulatory regime »Maritime Transport and Offshore Facilities Act 2003 –MIPs –MSICs –MSPs › Prescribed contents –Security measures › Security levels 1, 2 and 3 –Maritime security zones »Correlation with aviation and land transport C-T regulatory regimes

5. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter The Broader Australian response »The national counter-terrorism plan (NCTP) »Risk management for a terrorist act »Australian Standard 4360 Risk Management 1.Identify the risk of a terrorist act 2.Assess the risk 3.Control the risk »Qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk »The risk level = Consequence of a terrorist act X Exposure to the risk of a terrorist act X Probability of a terrorist act

6. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Who are they, and what can be done? »Profile of a terrorist –What do they do? –Are they crazy? –Are they criminals? »Protecting people and assets from terrorism –Self-help measures –Police and military responses

7. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter The military response »Direct and indirect participation by the ADF: The inner circle represents a Part IIIAAA call out, for domestic violence only. The outer circle represents a conventional call out for war. General Security Area (GSA) Designated Area (DA)

8. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Self-help measures for C-T »The use of force pyramid: No for self-help CT measures Yes for self-help CT measures 3. The use of force in “good faith” by State emergency services personnel. 2. “Reasonable and necessary” force in a Part IIIAAA call out. 1. The inherent right to use force in self-defence.

9. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Occupational health & safety and C-T »OHS legislation in the NSW maritime environment –Will a terrorist act be an OHS risk? »OHS risk management for a terrorist act »Security levels 1, 2 and 3 »C-T requirements for an OHS management plan »OHS induction training and C-T »Coordination of C-T measures »Safe work method statements (SWMSs)

10. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Terrorism through the internet »E-Terrorism and IT risk management »ET law an e-security –Electronic Transactions Act 1999 –An IT security plan »Authentication –No authenticity –No irrevocability –No integrity –No confidentiality/privacy »Public key infrastructure (PKI)

11. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Contracting practices, insurance issues »Risk management and contracting practices »Coordinating C-T measures »C-T induction training »C-T management plan »Allocating the risks of a terrorist act between contracting parties »Terrorist act = force majeure? »Terrorism Insurance Act 2003

12. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Conclusion The costs of managing the risk of a terrorist act must be commensurate with the benefits to be gained. Economic – implement the measures Level of terrorism risk ($) Uneconomic – do not implement counter-terrorism measures. Use judgment whether or not to implement the measures

13. adelaide | brisbane | canberra | melbourne | newcastle | perth | sydney | upper hunter Thank you Questions? www.sparke.com.au