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best bets and likely losers Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Nashville, TN USA
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a deep look at how university libraries should be responding to the possibilities and pitfalls of the developing technologies, predicting some winners; the demise of the LMS? Scope: Higher Education
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http://www.librarytechnology.org http://www.librarytechnology.org Repository for library automation data Expanding to include more international scope Announcements and developments made by companies and organizations involved in library automation technologies
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Started building database in 1995 Most comprehensive resource for tracking ILS and other library automation products Serves as a directory for general public Specialized tool for tracking LMS and other automation products 39,530 Total libraries listed 4,745 UK Libraries listed
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Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2009: Investing in the future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer
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Industry Consolidation Abrupt transitions for major library automation products Frustration with ILS products and vendors Increased ownership by external interests Increased industry control by external financial investors Demise of the traditional OPAC New genre of discovery interfaces Open Source products hit the mainstream New wave of companies based on open source service and support Breeding, Marshall: Perceptions 2008 an international survey of library automation. http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2008.plhttp://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2008.pl January 2009.
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Traditional LMS companies ◦ Talis DS/Axiell, Innovative, SirsiDynix, Ex Libris Library cooperatives ◦ OCLC E-Content Tech / Content companies ◦ Serials Solutions – EBSCO Open Source service companies ◦ LibLime, BibLibre, IBM?, Oracle?
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Prepared to make investments in new technology? Strategy to maximize profits by reducing costs? Technology Strategy ◦ Roadmap? ◦ New technology or new marketing? ◦ Can’t keep repackaging outdated
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Capacity for Research and Development Understanding of higher education and library missions and culture Track record of positive partnerships Adequate resources for service and support Forward looking technology components Roadmap into the next generation Solid business model Focus on investment High customer retention
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Aging technology without next-generation roadmap Stagnant business model ◦ Revenue based on maintenance or new sales? Focus on cost cutting Diminishing customer base / personnel High rates of customer defections Low level of customer confidence
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Innovation below expectations Conventional ILS less tenable Proliferation of products related to e-content management New genre of discovery-layer interfaces
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Is the OPAC module of the LMS a sure bet? Is the time ripe for new discovery systems?
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Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons ◦ Google Scholar ◦ Amazon.com ◦ Wikipedia ◦ Ask.com Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? Do they attract their interest?
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Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use Move into the current millennium Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today Meet user expectations set by other Web destination
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Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. Not great at delivering electronic content Complex text-based interfaces Relatively weak keyword search engines Lack of good relevancy sorting Narrow scope of content
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Silos Prevail ◦ Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) ◦ Articles: Aggregated content products, e- journal collections ◦ OpenURL linking services ◦ E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) ◦ Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections ◦ Metasearch engines All searched separately
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Discovery addresses a broader scope than any single automation system or repository User interfaces require quicker replacement cycles Back-end systems involve longer transitions
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Attempt to collapse silos or draw appropriately from each silo Unified user experience A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library Print + Electronic Local + Remote Locally created Content User contributed content
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New-generation interface Harvested local content Vendor-supplied indexes of library content ◦ E-journals, databases, e-books ◦ Book collections beyond local library collections
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Indexing the full corpus of information available globally Or at least major portions Google aims to address all the world’s information Not quite comprehensive – partial harvesting of any given resource Discovery Layer Products for libraries aim to address all content collected by libraries: Print Remotely access electronic content: e-journals, e-books, databases, licensed and open access. Local special collections: digital and print. Addresses the comprehensive body of content held within library collections Comprehensive, unified
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Entering post-metadata search era Increasing opportunities to search the full contents ◦ Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, etc. ◦ High-quality metadata will improve search precision Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” and searching across the full text of large book collections Not currently available through library search environments Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata See: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces: deeper search”
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Fulfillment oriented Search -> select -> view Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user Offer services for digital and print content
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Initial products focused on technology ◦ AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind ◦ Mostly locally-installed software Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery ◦ Summon (Serials Solutions) ◦ WorldCat Local (OCLC) ◦ EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) ◦ All hosted services
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Local discovery provides flexibility for libraries to create customized access to collections Web-scale discovery emphasizes unified access and broad scope
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New Discovery Service Consolidated index harvested from many sources ◦ ProQuest, Gale, etc ◦ 300,000,000 articles represented ◦ Full-text search + Citations Local catalog data harvested, real-time link to holdings Other local repositories harvested Others available through metasearch
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Existing service in pilot stage for new discovery service WorldCat.org data + ArticleFirst (30 million articles) Agreement with EBSCO to load EBSCOhost citation data into WorldCat Pursuing agreements with additional content providers
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No-cost option to FirstSearch subscribers No reclamation to reconcile local ILS with WorldCat One ILS supported; must be among supported products Program to expose thousands of libraries to WorldCat Local as a discovery option
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Massive pre-harvested index of e-journal content Worldcat.org Locally harvested metadata
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Is the conventional library management system a safe bet moving forward? Will Open Source LMS overtake propriety products Evergreen, Koha, OLE?
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Favours print inventory Electronic resources managed separately
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Traditional ILS ◦ Cataloging ◦ Circulation ◦ Online Catalog ◦ Acquisitions ◦ Serials control ◦ Reporting Modern approach: ◦ SOA ◦ Business process modeling
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Service oriented Architecture Openness ◦ Open APIs, Open Source Web services Cloud storage and services Flexible XML data models Web-based interfaces (Staff and patron) Mobile apps and interfaces
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Monolithic hard-coded systems MARC-based metadata model Client/Server computing
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Sure thing, or risky proposition?
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Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:
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Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Database administrators can access data stores involved with the system: Read-only? Read/write? Developer shares database schema Programmer access:
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Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification. Programmer access:
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Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs
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Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs
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Open APIs Open Source Open Data Models
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Currently implemented ad hoc Many libraries putting up blogs, wikis, and fostering engagement in social networking sites Proliferation of silos with no integration or interoperability with larger library Web presence Next Gen: Build social and collaborative features into core automation components
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Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS Working toward a new model of library automation ◦ Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications ◦ Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
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Library Management system ◦ Cataloging, Circulation, Serials, Acquisitions, OPAC Link resolver with e-journal knowledgebase Electronic Resource management system Digital collections Institutional repositories Discovery Environments
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Current LMS model replicates portions of business systems of colleges and universities ◦ Authentication and authorization ◦ Financial systems Current LMS model does not integrate as well with HE infrastructure ◦ Virtual Learning Environments, Course Management Systems Curating or Managing non-library content for the broader organization Current automation systems provide little support for public services ◦ Customer relationship management
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OLE Project ◦ Funded by the Research in Information Technology program of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ◦ 1-year project to produce the requirements for a new approach to library automation ◦ Will embrace the service-oriented architecture ◦ Business process modeling based on library workflows unconstrained from existing legacy software ◦ Possible follow-on project to build and open source reference implementation Ex Libris URM ◦ Mentioned publically but not formally announced ◦ Working toward new platform that better integrates print and electronic content Probably will be based on some existing products
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http://www.sun.com/products/soa/benefits.jsp
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Federated Search Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Serials OpenURL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules:
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Data Stores: Reusable Business Services Composite Applications Granular tasks:
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Extend WorldCat Local to include ◦ Circulation ◦ Delivery ◦ Acquisitions ◦ License Management Positioned as Web-scale, cloud computing model, cooperative library system Pilot sites being finalized; general availability in 2010
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Amazon.com = federated groups of sellers sharing common infrastructure Unified from end-user perspective Web Services, cloud computing model Modern user interfaces High level of usability ◦ Discovery, Fulfillment Web 2.0 features ◦ User-contributed ratings and reviews
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Cannot continue to throwing in chips on a losing hand Current automation models reinforce the library as an independent silo of automation and information systems Can we bet on new technologies that will place libraries more at the heart of higher education organizations? Will current LMS products evolve to better serve modern Libraries? Will new transformative products based on new automation products emerge?
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