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A helping hand: Analyzing time use and travel in three-generation households Kelcie M. Ralph Michael J. Smart Brian D. Taylor
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Background Despite significant increases in employment over the past half-century, women still do the bulk of household and child-serving travel Household-serving trips > commute trips
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Motivation Multigenerational households are becoming more prevalent Grandmothers help with housework –Nearly five hours each day on average
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How does life differ for mothers in three-generation households?
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A single person from each household completes a 24-hour activity diary American Time Use Survey 2003-2012
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Parent Child Grand- parent
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Two-generation households n=26,682 Young parent (middle generation age 19 or younger) Traditional three-generation n=1,067 Older grandparent (oldest generation age 80 or over) Types of three-generation households
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Household labor Sleep Paid labor Leisure Measuring time use
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Measuring travel
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Travel to care for children WorkSchool Dentist Grocery Child-serving trip Chauffeur trip
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Commute WorkSchool WorkSchool
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Travel for any purposeMode Measuring travel
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Minutes or count Dichotomous Negative binomial regression Logistic Dependent variable
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Control variables Number of children and age of youngest child Race/ethnicity and immigrant status Survey year and day of week Age of woman by decade College degree
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RESULTS
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More sustainable travel patterns? Enable working women to use less flexible but more sustainable modes Grandmothers’ trips are less likely to be at the peak time and peak direction
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What about the children? 20% more child-serving and chauffeuring trips per child in three-generation households
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A recap Having a live-in grandmothers’ help: Frees up time for more work and relaxation Reduces chauffeuring, lengthens commutes Increases trips for children
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THANK YOU Kelcie M. Ralph kmralph@g.ucla.edu Co-authors: Brian D. Taylor and Michael J. Smart
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