1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Vocabulary
Reconstruction: The period of time in American History after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt
Industrialization: the process through which a country goes from a farming society to one that has factories, mass production, and bigger cities
Agrarian Society: a group of people (a country) who’s economy and way of life is based on farming
Efficient: Faster and better, taking less time to do/make something better.
Manufacturing: the making of goods (stuff to buy) on a larger scale … factories.
Freight: goods (stuff to buy) while being carried on a train, boat, or plane
Titan: Important figure; dominant and/or famous individual.

3. The Civil War & Reconstruction
The Civil War was fought from
It resulted in Union Victory meaning the United States would stay ONE nation
After the Civil War there was an period of time called Reconstruction. During this period the Southern U.S. was rebuilt and forced to allow former slaves their freedom.

4. The Expansion of Industry
During the late 1800s many inventions led to a changes to American life, business and society
The industrial revolution was a period of time in U.S History when America went from an agrarian society to one that was more industrial (factories, faster transportation, machines, skyscrapers, etc)

5. Quick Quiz What was reconstruction? What is an Agrarian society?
What was the industrial revolution?

6. Causes of Industrialization
Q: How did The United States go from an agrarian society to an industrial society?
A: The driving force behind the industrial revolution was new technology

7. Inventions
& TECHNOLOGY

8. Tools & Technology Inventor/ Invention Use for Invention
Eli Whitney/ Cotton Gin
Separated cotton fibers and seeds – made it easier to make cotton ready for making clothes
Alexander Graham Bell/
Telephone
The telephone allowed for increased and easier communication and created more jobs for women.

9. Inventor/ Invention
Use for Invention
Thomas Edison/
Light Bulb
Light bulbs made the work days longer because factories could stay open later; also extended leisure time
Cyrus McCormick/
McCormick Reaper
A mechanical crop harvester… saved time and allowed farms to be BIGGER

10. Inventor/ Invention
Use for Invention
Robert Fulton/
Steam Engine (train)
Powered machines in factories to mass produce clothing and other goods; also used in railroads.
Henry Bessemer/
Bessemer Process
Made stronger steel. Steel is used to make skyscrapers and railroad tracks

11. First Drawing of Steam Engine

12. Quick Quiz What caused the Industrial Revolution?
Explain the invention and use of the item they invented for each of the following people:
Robert Fulton
Eli Whitney
Henry Bessemer
Alexander Graham Bell
Cyrus McCormick
Thomas Edison

13. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Improved Transportation
Taller & Stronger Buildings
Big Business
Pollution
Dangerous conditions/Child Labor
New Laws & Debates

14. Inventions Improve transportation
Some inventions improved transportation like the Bessemer Process and The Steam Engine (Train)
Without these two inventions transportation would not have improved during this time.

15. Transportation
Iron tracks replaced w/ steel because steel was cheaper & faster
Transportation improved and was made easier through increased railroads and steam ships.
Efficient transportation is necessary to move freight and passengers quickly in order for the nation to become industrialized.
Railroads expanded rapidly across the country during this period

16. Expansion of the Railroads

17. Railroad Boom Town

18. Promontory Point
Was the spot where the railroads from the eastern US connected to railroads in the Western United States.
Made cross-country “shipping” faster!

19. Promontory Point

20. Taller & Stronger Buildings
The Brooklyn Bridge and The Flatiron building are symbols of the industrial revolution.
Both made possible due to the invention of steel (Bessemer Process)

21. Big Business

22. Factories
Samuel Slater – He is considered the inventor of the modern factory he is sometimes called the “father of the industrial revolution”
Factories – Assembly lines and machines combined to make factories that made goods faster and more efficiently
Mass production – Increase of factories led to mass production; making many of the same item at the same time.

23. Titans of Industry Andrew Carnegie – Steel John Rockefeller – Oil
Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroad
These men were symbols of the huge increases of wealth gained during the industrial revolution.
They became very rich and powerful. Maybe too powerful.

24. Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was one of the most famous businessmen of the industrial revolution
He made lot of money in steel.
largest steel-making plant
He made a lot of money … but he also spent money on charity

25. John D. Rockefeller Founded Standard Oil Company.
Merged with other companies to gain control of oil industry
Ruthless businessman who tried to influence and control politicians.

26. Cornelius Vanderbilt Early investor in steamboats and rail travel
Owned many railroad lines and became famous for his domination of the railroad industry
Helped found Vanderbilt University

27. Pollution
Pollution was also a problem as factories opened and natural resources (like coal & oil) were used for fuel.

28. Natural resources like oil were necessary to provide fuel for the industrial rev.
However, sometimes the environment was damaged while the resources were taken from the earth.
This Pennsylvania Oil field is an example

29. Dangerous Conditions & Child Labor
Child labor (children working) was a problem in the industrial revolution as many children began working in dangerous factories to earn money
Factory conditions for adults were also dangerous and workers were not often protected by the government.

30. New Laws &
Debates

31. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
To Deal with powerful companies congress passed this law in 1890
Its goal was to stop companies from abusing customers and taking advantage of people - It was too weak to be effective.
Instead the law was misused to stop workers from forming unions

32. The Rise of Unions
A Union is a group of workers trying to organize to improve conditions
Workers tried to organize to make their lives better because their working conditions were bad and their pay was low
Some Unions included The American Federation of Labor and The Industrial Workers of the World
Most unions were not successful during this time because the government often took the side of big business

33. Homestead Strike
Workers refusing to work until they get improved conditions or pay is called a strike.
This one turned violent and government troops were called to force the workers back to work.

34. Quick Quiz
Fully explain each of the following effects of the industrial revolution
Improved Transportation
Taller & Stronger Buildings
Big Business
Pollution
Dangerous conditions/Child Labor
New Laws & Debates