1. Effects of acute and chronic manipulations of the serotonergic system on cognitive judgment bias in rats Joanna Gołębiowska Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Lab Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 1

2. Are you an optimist? 2

3. Cognitive bias distorted perception of reality „Information processing by humans can be biased by their emotions — for example, anxious and depressed people tend to make negative judgements about events and to interpret ambiguous stimuli unfavourably „ Emma J.Harding et all. Nature 2004 3

4. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism? How to study optimism? Emotions Stability (state or trait) Motivation Neurotransmission 4

5. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism? How to study optimism? Emotions Stability (state or trait) Motivation Neurotransmission 5

6. Cognitive judgment bias in humans How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality 6

7. Probability of winning 1 in 13 983 816 7

8. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism How to study optimism Emotions Stability (state or trait)? Motivation Neurotransmission 8

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12. Ambiguous-cue interpretation test 12

13. Low: get reward 13 Ambiguous-cue interpretation test

14. High: avoid shock Low: get reward 14 Ambiguous-cue interpretation test

15. Intermediate: what do you think? 15

16. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism How to study optimism Emotions Stability (state or trait)? Motivation Neurotransmission 16

17. Cognitive affective bias is associated with emotions Jaak Panksepp 17

18. Cognitive affective bias is associated with emotions Laughing rats are optimistic Jaak Panksepp 18

19. Chronic psychosocial stress makes rats more ‘pessimistic’ 19

20. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism How to study optimism Emotions Stability (state or trait)? Motivation Neurotransmission 20

21. Cognitive judgement bias is a stable and enduring behavioural trait 21

22. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism How to study optimism Emotions Stability (state or trait)? Motivation Neurotransmission 22

23. Optimism in rats is associated with increased motivation to gain reward Effects of optimism on motivation in rats 23

24. Optimism (a cognitive judgment bias) What do we know about optimism How to study optimism Emotions Stability (state or trait)? Motivation Neurotransmission 24

25. 25 Dopamine and serotonin are involved in processing reward and punishment expectancies

26. Dopamine enhances an optimism bias in humans 26 Sharot et al., 2012 Corrent Biology

27. Dopamine enhances an optimism bias in rats 27

28. Role of serotonin in cognitive judgement bias 28

29. Role of serotonin in cognitive judgement bias 29 prozac

30. Acute serotonergic system stimulation 30

31. Chronic serotonergic system stimulation 31

32. Role of serotonin in cognitive judgement bias Depletion of serotonin PCPA 32

33. Serotonergic system depletion 33

34. positive emotions are associated with optimism Summary 34

35. positive emotions are associated with optimism stress produces pessimism Summary 35

36. positive emotions are associated with optimism stress produces pessimism optimism/pessimism is stable in time Summary 36

37. positive emotions are associated with optimism stress produces pessimism optimism/pessimism is stable in time optimism/pessimism is associated with motivation Summary 37

38. positive emotions are associated with optimism stress produces pessimism optimism/pessimism is stable in time optimism/pessimism is associated with motivation dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission systems affect optimism Summary 38

39. Conclusions Stimulation of dopamine and serotonin depletion enhance optimism A functional opponency exists between dopamine and serotonin in processing the reward and punishment expectancies 39

40. 40 This work was supported by the National Science Centre (Research grant: Sonata BIS Nr. dec-2012/07/E/NZ4/00196) and the statutory funds of the Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.