2.   Soaps are made from fats and oils that react with lye ( sodium hydroxide ).

3.   Solid fats like coconut oil, palm oil, tallow, or lard, are used to make bars of soap that stay hard and resist shaping in the water left in the soap dish.

4.   Saponification is the hydrolysis of a carboxylic acid under normal conditions. The products are a carboxylic acid form of salt and a form of alcohol.hydrolysisalcohol Carboxylic acid salt Alcohol

5. 

6.   To change the salt to the corresponding carboxylic acid, acidic workup of the mixture is required.carboxylic acid Salt turning into carboxylic acid salt.

7.   The basic structure of all soaps is most of the time the same, consisting of a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tail" and a hydrophilic anionic "head“ hydrocarbon CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO − or CH 3 (CH 2 ) n COO −

8.   The length of the hydrocarbon chain changes with the type of fat or oil that id used but is usually long.

9.   The anionic charge on the carboxylate head is most of the time, balanced by a positively charged potassium or sodium cation.positively chargedpotassium

10.   When you make soap, triglycerides in fat or oils are heated while in front of a strong alkali base such as sodium hydroxide, making three molecules of soap for every molecule of glycerol.

11.   Soap also keeps you clean!!!

12.   http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru- Sp/Soap.html http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru- Sp/Soap.html  http://www.science.uvu.edu http://www.science.uvu.edu