1. Cellular Networks How do Mobile & Satellite Phones work? What can we do with them?

2. Learning Objectives: By the end of this topic you should be able to: describe how a mobile phone network operates; describe how a mobile phone network operates; describe the use of cellular and satellite mobile phone systems describe the use of cellular and satellite mobile phone systems describe the advantages and disadvantages of cellular and satellite mobile phone systems and their use; describe the advantages and disadvantages of cellular and satellite mobile phone systems and their use; describe how mobile technology and networks can enable communication from anywhere in the world;

3. Mobile Communications topics: 3.3.3 Networks and communications (16%, 20 marks) Jan 2010 June 2010 Jan 2011 June 2011 Jan 2012 Jun 2012 Jan 2013 Jun 2013 k.describe how a mobile phone network operates (cellular and satellite) and the advantages and disadvantages of cellular and satellite mobile phone systems and their use; XXXX6?XX ? m.describe how mobile technology and networks can enable communication from anywhere in the world; ------X ? n.discuss the implications of being able to communicate from anywhere in the world using mobile technology and networks; XX14?16XXX ? 3.3.4 Applications of ICT (16%, 20 marks) Jan 2010 June 2010 Jan 2011 June 2011 Jan 2012 Jun 2012 Jan 2013 Jun 2013 k.discuss the range of services offered by mobile communication services and the impact of these services on individuals and organisations; ------X ?

4. How does that work……? mobile phone network 1.Explain how a mobile phone network works. [4] 2.Describe how an call from a mobile telephone, anywhere in the UK, is routed to a landline telephone in Spain. [6] 3.Identify three limitations on the use of a mobile telephone. [3] 4.Describe how the emergency services can find the exact location of a mobile phone that is being used to make an emergency call in the UK. [6]

5. How does it happen? Steps ?

6. Terminology used:

7. Base Station Transceiver

8. Terminology used: Cells Cells the area covered by a network is broken down into cells, the area covered by a network is broken down into cells, each cell has a Base Station Transceiver (BST), each cell has a Base Station Transceiver (BST), a mobile ‘phone mast that gives coverage to that cell a mobile ‘phone mast that gives coverage to that cell Base Station Controllers (BSC) Base Station Controllers (BSC) manages communication between a set of BSTs and the MSC manages communication between a set of BSTs and the MSC a Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) a Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) controls all of the calls taking place on the network controls all of the calls taking place on the network when a mobile phone moves into a new cell: when a mobile phone moves into a new cell: it registers with the BSC it registers with the BSC a database stores the current locations of mobile ‘phones a database stores the current locations of mobile ‘phones

9. Terminology used:

10. Calling a Mobile ‘Phone caller dials the number from the mobile ‘phone caller dials the number from the mobile ‘phone mobile phone sends a call request to a Base Station Transceiver mobile phone sends a call request to a Base Station Transceiver mobile phone connects to BST with the best signal (nearest) mobile phone connects to BST with the best signal (nearest) transceiver sends request to base station switching centre (BSC) transceiver sends request to base station switching centre (BSC) BSC connects to the Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) BSC connects to the Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) MSC checks the caller’s status MSC checks the caller’s status enough credit to make the call? enough credit to make the call? MSC identifies which BSC the receiving ‘phone is connected to MSC identifies which BSC the receiving ‘phone is connected to by searching a database (updated in real-time) by searching a database (updated in real-time) BSC sends a ‘request to dial’ signal to all BSTs under its control BSC sends a ‘request to dial’ signal to all BSTs under its control mobile phone receives the request and acknowledges it to the BST mobile phone receives the request and acknowledges it to the BST call is connected by the MSC call is connected by the MSC if user is 'on the move' when making the call if user is 'on the move' when making the call system detects this and transfers call to next cell system detects this and transfers call to next cell

11. Base Station Controller (BSC)

13. BSC controls one or more base transceiver stations (BTS) base stations or cell sites. BSC is a high capacity sitch a BSC may have tens or hundreds of BTSs under its control. a BSC communicates with the MSC The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, and controls handovers from BTS to BTS (except in the case of an inter- BSC handover in which case control is in part the responsibility of the anchor MSC).anchor MSC networks are often structured to have many BSCs distributed into regions near their BTSs which are then connected to large centralised MSC sites.

14. Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

15. large cellular network will require multiple MSCs. MSC controls handovers between multiple BSCs on detecting that a mobile device is approaching the edge of its cell, a BSC requests handover assistance from its MSC. MSC then scans a list of adjacent cells and their corresponding BSCs and facilitates the handover to the appropriate BSC. For this task, the MSC works with a large database known as the home location register (HLR), which stores relevant location and other information for each mobile phone.

16. Mobile Communication trends not just voice data not just voice data SMS, email, Internet, IM, …. SMS, email, Internet, IM, …. higher bandwidth telecommunication higher bandwidth telecommunication GPRS, 3G, 4G GPRS, 3G, 4G convergence with other mobile technologies convergence with other mobile technologies ‘phone includes other devices (GPS, digital camera …) ‘phone includes other devices (GPS, digital camera …) PDA capabilities PDA capabilities address book, calendar, …. address book, calendar, …. synchronisation with other computing devices synchronisation with other computing devices = same, real-time data available on all devices & everywhere = same, real-time data available on all devices & everywhere not just ‘phones  tablet devices, convertibles not just ‘phones  tablet devices, convertibles

17. Mobile ‘Phone Features digital camera digital camera still & video (video conferencing) still & video (video conferencing) media playback media playback mp3, video, radio mp3, video, radio high resolution, colour display high resolution, colour display touch screen interface touch screen interface wireless connectivity – IR, Bluetooth, WiFi wireless connectivity – IR, Bluetooth, WiFi GPS / Satellite Navigation GPS / Satellite Navigation

18. Advantages & Disadvantages

19. Advantages mobile phones can be used anywhere there is a signal mobile phones can be used anywhere there is a signal users are not restricted to sitting in an office or at home to make and receive calls users are not restricted to sitting in an office or at home to make and receive calls