2. Hatshepsut as Sphinx, Dynasty 18, c. 1473-1458 BCE How does Hatshepsut authorize her power (through this visual representation of herself)? Hatshepsut has herself depicted as a …… The ______ is a visual signifier of…….

3. How does Lysimachus use this coin to authorize his power? What four important visual signifiers can you identify? Coin with head of Alexander ca. 305-281BCE This coin was issued by Lysimachus, the former general of Alexander the Great. After Alexander's death, Lysimachus ruled part of Alexander's empire in Bulgaria, northern Greece and Turkey known as 'Thrace'.

4. Stele of Hammurabi c. 1792-1750 BCE Babylonia How does Hammurabi authorize his power (through this visual representation)?

5. Augustus of Primaporta early 1 st century idealization of a ruler imperial portraiture used for political propaganda

6. Augustus of Primaporta early 1 st century Polykleitos Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) c. 450-440 BCE

7. The Colosseum

8. Ara Pacis, Rome 13-9 BCE marble

9. Allegory of Peace, relief on the east side of the Ara Pacis

10. peristyle garden, House of the Vetti, Pompeii Mid-1 st century CE

11. House of M. Frontus, Pompeii atrium

12. House of Publius Fannius--reconstructed

14. Equestrian Sculpture of Marcus Aurelius c. 173-76 C.E.

15. The Colossus of Constantine, c. 312-15 Was originally placed in the west apse of the Basilica of Maxentius c. 306-312.

16. Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine Finished 312 C.E. The Basilica Maxentius was the largest building in the Roman Forum. Construction began under Emperor Maxentius in 308 CE and was completed by Constantine after Maxentius’ defeat in 312 CE.

17. The Unswept Floor 2nd century A.D By Herakleitos

18. The Unswept Floor 2 nd century A.D Herakleitos

19. Column of Trajan Rome 113-16 or after 117 CE Overall height with base 125’ Column alone 97’ 8” The column is a continuous pictorial narrative of the Dacian campaign. 2,500 individual figures are carved into the column. In 1587 CE, the gilded bronze statue of Trajan was replaced with a statue of Saint Peter, as ordered by Pope Sixtus V. The natural and architectural elements in the scene are kept small to emphasize the important figures—later we will refer to this as medieval scale. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFt3tHNe vJg

20. Column of Trajan

23. Arch of Titus Rome c.82 C.E.

24. Arch of Constantine Rome c.130-138 C.E.

25. A relief panel from the Arch of Constantine taken from a monument celebrating the victory of Marcus Aurelius over the Germans in 174 CE.

26. A relief panel from the Arch of Constantine.

27. Do these two panels seem primitive? What is being privileged?

28. Temple of Portunus Late 2 nd century BCE Forum Boarium, Rome

29. Maison Carree c. 20 BCE Nimes, France

30. Pantheon Rome 125-128 CE

31. the walls rise nearly seventy-five feet; they are twenty feet thick the walls support a bowl-shaped dome that is 143 feet in diameter and 143 feet from the floor to the summit: the effect that is created is one of a perfect circle

32. the oculus

33. Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine Finished 312 C.E. The Basilica Maxentius was the largest building in the Roman Forum. Construction began under Emperor Maxentius in 308 CE and was completed by Constantine after Maxentius’ defeat in 312 CE.

34. Porta Augusta Perugia, Italy 2 nd century BCE

35. Barberino Val D'Elsa Porta Sienna Siena, Italy

36. Apollodorus of Damascus Trajan Market Rome, Italy 107-110 A.D.

37. Apollodorus of Damascus Trajan’s Market Rome, Italy 107-110 A.D.

38. Model of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy. Begun 100 BCE

39. Model of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy. Begun 100 BCE

40. Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy. Begun 100 BCE