1. Warm Up: ISN pg. 35
Create a T-Chart: Immigration: Advantage/Disadvantages
List as many advantages you can think of for immigrating to another country
List the disadvantages

2. The Rising Tide of Immigration
1865 – 1915
European Immigration

3. The Great Migration:
The largest mass movement of people in human history: 23 million immigrants arrived in America
Immigrants were mostly from southern and eastern Europe: Southern Italy, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, Portugal
Most were young male, Catholic or Jew, spoke little English
Before 1880: Immigrants were from northwestern Europe: England, France, Germany

4. B. Push Factors: Why immigrants left Europe
1800’s Europe had less agriculture business because of the Industrial Revolution
Political and religious persecution: Eastern European Jews in Russia not allowed to own land or move; experienced pogroms (violent mob attacks)

5. Pull Factors: Why did people want to come to America?
U.S. the land of opportunities
Pamphlets gave exaggerated stories how great America was
People brought hope for a better life

6. C. The Journey Across the Atlantic
Steamships carried 1, ,000 people
Trip took about 2 weeks
Immigrants were in steerage, below deck
No windows, no vents, small rooms
1 toilet for 47 people (sometimes 1,000 people)
Everything was dirty; only boiled water was served

7. D. Arrival in America
75% of immigrants went through Ellis Island (The Island of Tears)
The Statue of Liberty greeted each steamship
“Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door.”

9. E. Medical Inspections
First and second class passengers: brief inspection and got off the ship
Steerage class: long lines, inspections at Ellis Island
Medical Inspections: looked for mentally ill and sick to refuse them entry into the U.S.
Medical exam looked for problems: Doctors wrote a letter on people’s shoulder: K: hernia, H: heart; B: back problems

10. F. Legal Inspection Registry Hall: huge hall for 5,000 people
Immigration officer asked 32 questions: Name, married?, have money?, more than $30?, condition of your mind, your health?
2% were sent back to their home country

11. G. Ethnic Enclaves
70% of immigrants lived in urban centers: New York City, Chicago, Pittsburgh
Enclaves are poor neighborhoods of immigrants from the same country
Familiar food, language, traditions, culture

12. H. Living Conditions
City tenement buildings: crowded, rundown apartments; little light, air, heat
Tenement buildings easily caught fire
Rent: $10 - $20/month
Typical numbers: 14 people in 3 room apt.
Streets: filled with waste, garbage
Some immigrants moved to rural areas

13. I. Working Conditions 80% of immigrant workers were unskilled
Pay: Textile workers: $4 a week; families needed about $14 a week
Average salary 10 cents an hour (children got half that)
12 to 14 hour days
Factories were dangerous and dirty

14. Americans’ Treatment of Immigrants
Cartoon from magazine, Jan. 11, 1893
Shadows of immigrant origins over wealthy Americans who are “greeting” new immigrants
American Nativism: Belief held by native-born Americans and long-time immigrants that new immigrants threatened their way of life.
Nativists held strong prejudiced ideas against new immigrants