1. ANALYSERS

2. Analysers ?? Analysers are analytical instruments used for the analysis of composition of liquid,gases or solids.They basically rely on the phenomenon of interaction of energy with matter to quantify the sample composition.

3. Analyser classification: ENERGY INTERACTING CHEMICAL AFFINITY & REACTIVITY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC FIELD THERMAL & MECHANICAL ENERGY

4. Analysing system schematic: SAMPLE CONDITIONING SECTION ANALOG O/P & DISPLAY ANALYSING SECTION

5. Practical Consideration  Sample must be representative  Physical state of sample  Uniqueness of specificity of method

6. SAMPLE CONDITIONING:  Sample extraction  Tuning sample parameters  Stratification free sampling

7. DRAIN SAMPLE INLET COOLING WATER IN COOLING WATER IN PRESSUR E TEMP TO SECONDARY SAMPLE CONDITIONING Field Sampling Unit:

8. CONDENSATE POT DRAIN TO COMMON VENT BYPASS ROTAMETE R SiO2 FILTER ZERO GAS SPAN GAS SAMPLE INLET TO ANALYSER SECTION Secondary Sampling Unit:

9. IR-Based Analysers: It is based on the principle of characteristic absorption of infrared radiation by molecules of the sample.The molecules absorb infrared radiation at a particular wavelength.the degree of absorption can be correlated to the composition of that particular molecule

10. Reference cell Sample cell Electronics O/P IN OUT Photodetectors IR- Source General Schematic of IR -Analyser

11. Thermal conductivity based analysers Distinguishing ability of some gas molecules to get highly excited and conduct large amount of heat.The amount of heat carried away from hot bodies can be used to determine gas molecules. CO H2 N2 O2 CH4 NH3 CO2 Thermal conductivity Graph Unit:ergs/s cm deg

12. POWER SUPPLY General Schematic of Thermal Conductivity Based Analysers O/P

13. Chemiluminescence Type of Analysers Emission of light by electronically excited reaction product E=hv Ground state Excited state

14. NH3 SCRUBBER S.S CONVERTER MOLY CONVERTER ELECTRONIC S OZONATOR DRY AIR REACTION CHAMBER O/P DISPLAY EXTERNAL PUMP VENT Thermoenvironmental make NH 3 analyser schematic (Location :DAP Stack) Sample

15. Chemical Affinity Based O 2 Analysers: Zirconia has a tendency to attract O 2 molecules at elevated Temperatures.When electrodes are placed at both sides of zirconia probe,an EMF is generated proportional to the difference in partial pressure of oxygen between the reference and sample sides.

16. Pt electrode Pt electrode V ZrO 2 probe O 2 in reference O 2 in sample O 2 anlayser schematic: Service : Boiler Flue Gas Analysis