2. Slide7-1 Chapter 7 Terms Computer Components and Options Introduction to Information Systems Judith C. Simon

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4. Slide7-3 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Access arm: hardware on disk drive that moves over disk to desired location; contains read/write heads hardware on disk drive that moves over disk to desired location; contains read/write heads  Access time: The time required for locating desired data on a disk The time required for locating desired data on a disk  Address: Location in primary memory where data or instructions are held temporarily Location in primary memory where data or instructions are held temporarily

5. Slide7-4 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU): CPU component that performs logical comparisons and arithmetic calculations CPU component that performs logical comparisons and arithmetic calculations  ASCII: acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a 7-bit or 8-bit code (ASCII-8) used in microcomputers and some larger computers acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a 7-bit or 8-bit code (ASCII-8) used in microcomputers and some larger computers  Binary system: uses two options, 0 and 1 uses two options, 0 and 1

6. Slide7-5 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Bit: one binary digit, either 0 or 1 one binary digit, either 0 or 1  Bitmap: an identification of the location of each pixel involved in creating a character or shape an identification of the location of each pixel involved in creating a character or shape  Bus: wiring that links parts of the hardware to each other; bus lines are used for transferring data  Bus width: the number of bits that can travel at one time

7. Slide7-6 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Byte: a combination of bits (typically 8 bits) used to represent a single character a combination of bits (typically 8 bits) used to represent a single character  Cache: extra temporary storage that increase processing speed extra temporary storage that increase processing speed  Central processing unit (CPU): hardware component where processing of data occurs, along with control activities for other components hardware component where processing of data occurs, along with control activities for other components

8. Slide7-7 Chapter 7 Terms Review  CD-ROM: acronym for compact disk read-only memory; a form of optical disk onto which data has been stored and can be viewed but not be changed acronym for compact disk read-only memory; a form of optical disk onto which data has been stored and can be viewed but not be changed  Clock speed: the number of electronic pulses per second, measure in megahertz the number of electronic pulses per second, measure in megahertz  Control unit: CPU component that perform logical comparisons and arithmetic calculations CPU component that perform logical comparisons and arithmetic calculations

9. Slide7-8 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Cylinder: track location on multiple disks that is in the same vertical position track location on multiple disks that is in the same vertical position  Direct access storage device (DASD): storage method available with disks in which data can be located by its address rather than sequentially storage method available with disks in which data can be located by its address rather than sequentially  Disk driver: hardware that contains the technology for storing and accessing data on a disk hardware that contains the technology for storing and accessing data on a disk

10. Slide7-9 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Disk pack: multiple platters (disks) used for secondary storage in one system multiple platters (disks) used for secondary storage in one system  Dot pitch: measurement of distance between screen dots; a lower dot pitch provides a sharper image measurement of distance between screen dots; a lower dot pitch provides a sharper image  EBCDIC: acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code; an 8 bit code used on IBM mainframes and other large computers

11. Slide7-10 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Gigabyte: equivalent of 1,073,741,824 bytes equivalent of 1,073,741,824 bytes  Holographic storage: storage technology using optical layers rather than a single-surface image storage technology using optical layers rather than a single-surface image  Input: data and programs entered into a computer system for manipulation or processing data and programs entered into a computer system for manipulation or processing

12. Slide7-11 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Input device: hardware used for entering data into a computer system (e.g., keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, light pen, or scanner hardware used for entering data into a computer system (e.g., keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, light pen, or scanner  Jukebox: storage system for optical disks, which holds multiple disks and delivers a requested disk to the disk drive for use storage system for optical disks, which holds multiple disks and delivers a requested disk to the disk drive for use  Kilobyte: equivalent of 1,024 bytes equivalent of 1,024 bytes

13. Slide7-12 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Machine cycle: a sequence of activities that occurs in the computer when interpreting and executing an instruction a sequence of activities that occurs in the computer when interpreting and executing an instruction  Magnetic cartridge: magnetic tape system in the form of a small case (cartridge) rather than on large reels  Magnetic disk: a platter used for storing data magnetically that can be in the form of a hard disk or a floppy disk; widely used with microcomputer

14. Slide7-13 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR): system designed primarily for processing checks in which special ink is used so that some preprinted data can be entered automatically  Magneto-optical technology (MO): use of magnetic technology for storing data on an optical disk, combined with laser technology for making changes to stored data  Megabyte: equivalent of 1,048,576 bytes

15. Slide7-14 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Megahertz (MHz): a measure of clock speed; 1 megahertz equals 1 million cycles per second  Microprocessor: a microcomputer processor chip  MIPS: acronym for millions of instructions per second, a method of measuring computer speed; widely used measurement in large systems

16. Slide7-15 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Monitor: the computer display screen, which is also referred to as a video display terminal (VDT) or cathode-ray tube (CRT)  Multiprocessor: A system using multiple processors, which allows several programs to be processed independently while sharing memory  Nonvolatile/volatile: reference to the temporary (volatile) nature of primary memory versus the permanent (nonvolatile) of the secondary storage

17. Slide7-16 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Optical character recognition: software used to read or recognize text or non text input from a scanner  Optical disk: secondary storage platter that uses laser technology for data storage and is capable of storing large quantities of data, including images  Output: information that results from computer manipulation or processing of data

18. Slide7-17 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Output device: hardware that provides information for human use; examples are monitors and printers  Parallel processor: a system using multiple processors, each with its own memory,which allows one program to be subdivided and completed by separate processors operating independently  Pixel (picture element): individual dot; various combinations of dots are used to create characters and graphics

19. Slide7-18 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Point-of-sale (POS) terminal: technology used in many retail stores that includes a scanning system and cash drawer to obtain sales data automatically as each sale occurs  Primary memory ( or “memory”): Internal location where data and programs are held temporarily for use in processing activities  RAID: acronym for redundant array of inexpensive (or independent; secondary storage system that uses multiple disk drives, which allows multiple write (data storage) operations to occur at the same time

20. Slide7-19 Chapter 7 Terms Review  RAM: acronym for random-access memory, the part of memory that can be accessed directly and used for temporary storage of data and programs  Reading: accessing data or instructions; a nondestructive process  Read/write head: a device that can either access (read) data stored magnetically or save (write) data onto a magnetic media

21. Slide7-20 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Reel-to-reel magnetic tape: sequential access storage system that uses two reels with magnetic tape wound from one reel to the other during use  Refresh rate: how often the screen image is redrawn  Register: a temporary are used during execution of an instruction to hold needed items, such as data, instructions, and addresses

22. Slide7-21 Chapter 7 Terms Review  ROM: acronym for read-only memory;a special memory are containing permanent instructions that the computer uses when it is turned on  Satellite signal: technology allowing input of data from satellites  Screen resolution: clarity of images; resolution is a reference to the number of pixels, and a higher number of pixels (higher density) creates a clearer image

23. Slide7-22 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Screen size: size of monitor, indicated in inches (measured diagonally)  Secondary storage: permanent or long-term storage of data outside the computer’s CPU; referred to as nonvolatile because the contents are not erased when the computer power is turned off  Sector: a subsection of a magnetic disk, used as part of the address to identify the location of stored data; a disk is divided into pie-shaped wedges, and an individual track within a wedge forms a sector

24. Slide7-23 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Sequential access: data is retrieved in serial order, or the order in which it was stored; data stored on magnetic tape must be retrieved or accessed sequentially  Smart card: a card onto which data can be stored, allowing the card to be used for many purposes, such as for identification or for monetary transactions  Speech or voice recognition unit: technology that allows input to a computer system through use of the human voice

25. Slide7-24 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Terminal: early term used to refer to computer screen connected to mainframe computer; categories now include dumb, smart,and intelligent terminals, depending on the level of processing available with the terminal  Track: location onto which data can be stored; tracks on magnetic tape are parallel rows, and tracks on magnetic disks are concentric circles  Transfer time: the time required to transfer data from secondary storage to primary memory

26. Slide7-25 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Universal Product Code (UPC): a bar code system widely used in supermarkets that contains product identification data that is scanned into the computer system  Video card support: amount of memory available for higher resolution as needed  Voice synthesizer: output device that contains stored voice sounds that can be generated electronically

27. Slide7-26 Chapter 7 Terms Review  Word size: the number of binary digits that can be processed at one time  WORM: acronym for write once, read many; a form of optical disk onto which data can be stored (written) once but can be accessed as often as desired  Writing: storing new data or instructions; a destructive process

28. Slide7-27