1. Lab 1 ► Lab rules and safety procedures ► Prelabs ► Postlabs ► Grading/testing ► Graphing ***Lab Q’s- read the question and answer what they are asking you!

2. Rules ► NO eating or drinking ► Bags must be under table or by door ► Wear appropriate clothing  Tie long hair back ► Clean up after yourself! ► TURN OFF CELL PHONES ► Do not arrive late  More than 15 minutes late will not be permitted in lab

3. Safety ► Eyewash station/shower/fire extinguisher ► First aid ► Broken glass ► Spills ► Waste ► MSDS

4. Pre-lab assignments ► Due when you walk in  Two prelabs ► Summary ► Questions ► Late prelabs not accepted ► Originals only! ► Summaries must be typed

5. Post-lab assignments ► Due the following lab period ► Staple any additional pages

6. Grading/testing ► Pre-lab summary  5 points ► Pre-lab questions  10 points ► Post-lab questions  35 points ► Test questions will be included in quizzes/midterm/final

7. Variables  Independent: The variable that you (the researcher) manipulates  Dependent: The variable that changes when the independent variable changes (i.e. depends on the independent variable)  Controlled: Variables that are kept constant during the experiment

8. Example You are examining differences in growth rates in plants exposed to 8 hours and 4 hours of sunlight respectively. Independent variable- Hours of sunlight Dependent variable- growth rate of plant Controlled variables- amount of water given, fertilizer, temperature

9. Groups ► Control – The group that is not exposed to the independent variable ► Experimental- The group that IS exposed to the independent variable

10. Graphing ► Features of a graph  Title, include figure number  Axis labels, Time, Distance  Units (with labels), i.e., Distance (cm)  Legend (if necessary)  Description, i.e. Change in temperature over time

11. Graphing Graphs show trends, tables show exact data X-axis- independent variable Y-axis- dependent variable

12. Types of Graphs ► Line  Represent continuous variables ► Bar  Represent discrete variables ► Box plot  Depicts median ► Error bars  Depicts means ► Area  Stacked line graphs, changes in percentages ► Scatter  Relationship between two measured variables as a scatter of individual points

13. Basic Rules ► Use graph paper ► Plan ahead  Make note of the largest numerical value and make sure your scale is large enough ► Use your space  The graph should fill most of the paper, leaving room for proper axis labeling ► Start the graph at a logical point  Usually 0, but not always  Ex. Temp. If the lowest temp is 51, start at 50.

14. Basic Rules ► Use a logical scale and stick with it  Use increments of 0.1, 1, 2, 5 or 10 ► If more than 1 line is used, include a key in the upper right corner of the graph  Make sure they are different enough from each other to be noticeable ► Don’t connect the dots, use trend lines

15. Examples Make sure the data is properly proportioned to the graph

16. Whats wrong with this graph

17. ► There's no title. What's it a graph of? Who knows? ► There are no labels on the x or y axis. What are those numbers? Who knows? ► There are no units on the x or y axis. Is this a graph of speed in miles per hour or a graph of temperature in Kelvins? Who can tell? ► Somebody played "connect the dots". This should be a nice straight line which goes through the points or a curve that tends to follow them.

18. A good graph