1. Karthiknathan Srinivasan Sanchit Aggarwal
BIOMETRICS
Karthiknathan Srinivasan
Sanchit Aggarwal

2. Overview What is Biometrics? Measures Biometric System
Modes of Operation
Modules
Types of Biometric Recognition
Applications
Advantages/Disadvantages

3. What is Biometrics? Methods of identifying a person based on
Physiological or Behavioral characteristic.
Physiological- Hand or finger images, facial characteristic, speak verification, iris recognition.
Behavioral- Dynamic Signature Verification and Keystroke Dynamics.

4. What Biological Measures Qualify to be a Biometric
Universality- Each person should have the characteristic.
Distinctiveness- Two persons should be different in terms of characteristics.
Permanence- Characteristic should be invariant of time.
Collectability- Characteristic should be measured Quantitatively.

5. Biometric Systems A biometric system is a pattern recognition system
that operates by
Acquiring Biometric data from an Individual.
Extracting Feature Set from the Data.
Comparing the Feature Set with the Template in the Database.

6. Operation Modes Of Biometrics
There are two modes of operation.
Verification Mode
Identification Mode.
Depending on the Application Context, Biometric System can work either on Verification Mode or in Identification Mode.

7. Block Diagram of Enrollment, Verification, Identification Phase

8. Operational Modes Contd.
In Verification mode, the system validates the person’s identity by comparing the captured biometric data with the template stored in the database. This template is stored in the Enrollment phase.
In Identification mode the system identifies the person by searching the templates of all users in the database for a match. One to many Comparison.

9. Modules needed to build a Biometric System
Sensor module
Feature Extraction module
Matcher Module
System Database Module

10. Sensor Module- It captures the Biometric data of an Individual
Sensor Module- It captures the Biometric data of an Individual. An example can be a Fingerprint Sensor.
Feature Extraction Module- Here the obtained biometric data of an Individual is processed to extract features. Example can be the Local ridge feature extraction from a Fingerprint.
Matcher Module- Here the features extracted during the above phase are matched against the templates stored in the database.
System Database Module- Used to Store Biometric templates of the users enrolled. The enrollment module is responsible for Enrolling Individuals to the database.

11. Types of Biometric Recognition
Common Techniques
Fingerprint Recognition
Face Recognition
Voice Recognition
Iris Recognition
Hand Geometry
Signature Verification

12. Other Techniques Keystroke Ear Geometry Lip Motion Thermograms
Retina Recognition

13. Fingerprint Recognition
Taking an image of a person’s fingertips and storing the characteristics.
Includes pattern matching
Ridges
Whorls
Arches
Furrows

14. Iris Recognition Camera technology Infrared illumination
Mathematical-pattern recognition techniques

15. Facial Recognition
Recording face images through a digital video camera.
Analyzing facial characteristics like the distance between eyes, nose, mouth and jaw edges.

16. Applications ATMs Computer Login Online Banking National Security
Elections
Criminal Investigation
Identification of missing people

17. Advantages Easy to maintain
More robust than ID Cards, Passwords, PIN numbers, etc.
Cannot be stolen or forgotten
Single biometric protection for multiple logins

18. Disadvantages It can be very expensive
The pattern matching might be inaccurate due to environmental conditions
The stored biometric data might be vulnerable to malicious attacks
Reproduction of biometric data by other people

19. QUESTIONS?