1. And how they are used

2. Hubs send data to all of the devices that are plugged into them. They have no ability to send packets to the correct ports. Cost~$35 to over $500

4. Switches are a step above Hubs. This is because a switch does not flood all exit ports with the same data. Just the port that needs the message will receive the message. Cost $15 to well over $3,500

6. Routers are smarter switches. They can be configured for better traffic flow. They work at the Layer 3 of the OSI model. Routers use the IP address destination to determine which port it will send out the packets. Routers have fewer ports than switches. Cost $35 to over $1,000

8. Bridges use MAC addresses to forward traffic. They can be used to bring together two dissimilar LANs. Bridges are very similar to Hubs and Switches. Cost $30 to ~$3,000

10. Gateways connect your LAN to the outside world. This process can be handled by servers that could also acting in other rolls as well. Cost $45 to over $1,600

12. Firewalls can either be software or hardware. This could be software on a router, or even on a computer. They could also be a separate device in the server room. These devices help to keep out unwanted intruders. Cost $30-$4000+

13. The brick wall is the “firewall” in this picture. This is one point at which a firewall can be installed.

14. WAPs are devices on a network that enables the user to connect with the network with no cables. These can be easily installed. However, the security is not as strong as a wired network. Cost: <$100-$5000+