1. RONALD REAGAN 1980-1988

2. President Ronald Reagan Won over jimmy Carter by largest margin in American history 489-49 Won over jimmy Carter by largest margin in American history 489-49 Never won Academy Award Never won Academy Award Joined army in 1942 and oversaw training movies Joined army in 1942 and oversaw training movies Nicknames: Dutch, the Gipper Nicknames: Dutch, the Gipper

3. Reagan Administration Conservative Conservative Anti abortion Anti abortion

4. Ronald Reagan CA. Governor Reagan CA. Governor Reagan Anti-communist Anti-communist “Black and white” “Black and white” “New Day in America” “New Day in America” Charismatic Charismatic Channeled anger of mainstream white America at minorities, immigrants, feminists, taxes, affirmative action, big government Channeled anger of mainstream white America at minorities, immigrants, feminists, taxes, affirmative action, big government

5. Reagan’s Conservative Vision Vietnam was a “Noble Cause” Vietnam was a “Noble Cause” Renew the Cold War Renew the Cold War American Power American Power Patriotism Patriotism Traditionalism Traditionalism State’s Rights State’s Rights “Individualism” “Individualism” Feel Good Feel Good

6. Reaganomics Reagan's economic policy was based on supply- side economics Reagan's economic policy was based on supply- side economics tax reductions would stimulate economic recovery tax reductions would stimulate economic recovery substantial reductions in government assistance programs and services substantial reductions in government assistance programs and services Reagan's theory was that the wealth created by increased business activity would "trickle down" to those in need Reagan's theory was that the wealth created by increased business activity would "trickle down" to those in need

7. Reaganomics Pay fewer taxes leading to more savings Pay fewer taxes leading to more savings Banks could loan more Banks could loan more Supplies of goods increases driving the prices down. Supplies of goods increases driving the prices down.

8. Reaganomics: “Trickle- Down” DOD spending up 45% DOD spending up 45% $3 trillion debt, 1981-9 $3 trillion debt, 1981-9 Rising # of Fortune 500 companies Rising # of Fortune 500 companies Expansion of “working poor” Expansion of “working poor” Decline in real wages Decline in real wages Household debt Household debt Deregulation and Savings & Loan Crisis $500 b Deregulation and Savings & Loan Crisis $500 b Tax cuts boosted elite incomes Tax cuts boosted elite incomes Privatization and deregulation Privatization and deregulation

9. The New Class Warfare De-industrialization De-industrialization 1 million manuf. Jobs lost in 1982 1 million manuf. Jobs lost in 1982 Growth of non-union service sector, minimum wage jobs Growth of non-union service sector, minimum wage jobs Unions lost millions of members Unions lost millions of members Federal subsidies to corporations Federal subsidies to corporations

10. Under Reagan 118 million new jobs were created 118 million new jobs were created trade with foreign countries increased. trade with foreign countries increased. the gap between the rich and the poor widened the gap between the rich and the poor widened workers saw their jobs go to overseas workers workers saw their jobs go to overseas workers Some attributed the 1987 stock market crash to Reaganomics. Some attributed the 1987 stock market crash to Reaganomics.

12. Reagan characterized the Soviet Union as being committed to "the promotion of world revolution and a one-world Socialist or Communist state" that threatened free people everywhere Reagan characterized the Soviet Union as being committed to "the promotion of world revolution and a one-world Socialist or Communist state" that threatened free people everywhere He believed that communism needed to be fought all over the world and later demonstrated this commitment by intervening in Angola, Afghanistan, and Central America. He believed that communism needed to be fought all over the world and later demonstrated this commitment by intervening in Angola, Afghanistan, and Central America.

13. Iran-Contra Affair, 1980s 1979 election in Nicaragua 1979 election in Nicaragua Sandinistas Sandinistas U.S. opposed them U.S. opposed them Sold military land & weapons to Iran (Khomeini), in return for release of hostages Sold military land & weapons to Iran (Khomeini), in return for release of hostages Used weapons against Iraq Used weapons against Iraq Gave $ to “Contras” who fought Sandinistas Gave $ to “Contras” who fought Sandinistas Col. Oliver North Col. Oliver North Illegal sale of US property w/o Congressional approval Illegal sale of US property w/o Congressional approval Aid to Contras violated the Boland Amendments Aid to Contras violated the Boland Amendments

15. Iran-contra scandal and Watergate Iran-contra scandal and Watergate secret operations were being run out of the White House without public knowledge secret operations were being run out of the White House without public knowledge Both involved illegal diversions of funds, and both resulted in congressional hearings Both involved illegal diversions of funds, and both resulted in congressional hearings

16. Air Traffic Controllers strike 1981 air traffic controller 1981 air traffic controller Strike Strike Reagan gave them Reagan gave them An ultimatum most An ultimatum most Lost their jobs Lost their jobs

17. 1981 AIDS identified 41,027 persons are dead and 71,176 persons diagnosed with AIDS in the US. 41,027 persons are dead and 71,176 persons diagnosed with AIDS in the US.

18. Sandra Day O’Connor First female Supreme Court First female Supreme Court Justice 1981-2006 Justice 1981-2006

19. 1984 election Reagan /Bush Reagan /Bush Mondale/ Ferraro (first woman) Mondale/ Ferraro (first woman)

20. 1986 Challenger

21. SDI: Star Wars The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries Eventually abandoned Eventually abandoned

22. “Tear Down This Wall”

23. International Events End of the Cold War End of the Cold War Reagan: “Evil Empire” Reagan: “Evil Empire” Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall Fall of the Berlin Wall Collapse of USSR Collapse of USSR Reagan took credit for the end of the Cold War Reagan took credit for the end of the Cold War

24. Gorbachev Glasnost:openess Glasnost:openess Perestroika: restructuring Perestroika: restructuring Chernobyl Chernobyl Released political prisoners Released political prisoners Nobel Peace 1990 Dissolved Communist Party

25. Pripyat, once inhabited by 50,000 residents, workers and scientists

26. 1 15 minute shift per day

27. Legacies of the Reagan Era The ‘Reagan Revolution’ in the economy created many new millionaires and the economy climbed, recovering from recession in ’82-83 and surviving Black Monday in ’87 The ‘Reagan Revolution’ in the economy created many new millionaires and the economy climbed, recovering from recession in ’82-83 and surviving Black Monday in ’87 The Reagan years were often called ‘The Undoing of the Great Society.’ The poor and often blue collar workers were affected by a cut in social programs to pay for the tripling of the defense budget The Reagan years were often called ‘The Undoing of the Great Society.’ The poor and often blue collar workers were affected by a cut in social programs to pay for the tripling of the defense budget Rising Crime rate in the 1980s that was curbed during the Clinton years of the 1990s Rising Crime rate in the 1980s that was curbed during the Clinton years of the 1990s However, as America’s ‘father figure’ in the 1980s – he restored national pride on many levels after the down decade of the 1970s However, as America’s ‘father figure’ in the 1980s – he restored national pride on many levels after the down decade of the 1970s

28. George I: 1988-1992 Connecticut Family Connecticut Family Director of CIA Director of CIA VP to Reagan VP to Reagan Invasion of Panama Invasion of Panama Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War Over 60% of global oil Over 60% of global oil

29. Bush I to Bush II: The 1990s Post Cold War Post Cold War Unclear foreign policy Unclear foreign policy Who is the enemy now? Who is the enemy now? Focused on domestic issues Focused on domestic issues Gulf War Gulf War NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement) NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement) New Democrats New Democrats Balanced Budget Balanced Budget Immigration Immigration 2000 Election 2000 Election

30. Middle East Persian Gulf War of 1991 Persian Gulf War of 1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait Iraq invaded Kuwait Sent 200,000 troops to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield) warn Saddam Hussein Sent 200,000 troops to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield) warn Saddam Hussein Increased troops to 430,000 and in February 1991 invaded Iraq to free Kuwait Increased troops to 430,000 and in February 1991 invaded Iraq to free Kuwait Control of the media, “smart bombs”, and Colin Powell’s “overwhelming force” doctrine Control of the media, “smart bombs”, and Colin Powell’s “overwhelming force” doctrine

32. Continued Americans with Disabilities Act Americans with Disabilities Act Clean Air Act Clean Air Act Corporate Mergers Corporate Mergers Computers, Autos, financial industry Computers, Autos, financial industry Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act, 1988 Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act, 1988 Indian Casinos Indian Casinos 1991 Rodney King, police brutality, and “riots / rebellion” in Los Angeles 1991 Rodney King, police brutality, and “riots / rebellion” in Los Angeles Police acquitted Police acquitted Over 50 died, $1 billion in damage Over 50 died, $1 billion in damage

33. A “New Democrat”: 1992- 2000 Arkansas Gov. Arkansas Gov. Working class, single parent household Working class, single parent household Charismatic Charismatic Sexual issues… Sexual issues… Opposed Vietnam War Opposed Vietnam War New Democrat New Democrat Fiscally conservative Fiscally conservative Socially moderate Socially moderate Multilateralism Multilateralism

34. Main Issues and Events Tried to allow gays and lesbians to openly serve in the military Tried to allow gays and lesbians to openly serve in the military Failed. Cultural conservatives and military leaders opposed it. “Don’t ask, don’t tell.” Failed. Cultural conservatives and military leaders opposed it. “Don’t ask, don’t tell.” Tried to reform health care system to benefit the poor and uninsured. Tried to reform health care system to benefit the poor and uninsured. Failed. Pharmaceutical industry, doctors, republicans opposed it. Failed. Pharmaceutical industry, doctors, republicans opposed it. Balance the Budget. Balance the Budget. Succeeded. Returned taxes on the rich back to previous levels. Cut spending. Increased tax credit for low income families Succeeded. Returned taxes on the rich back to previous levels. Cut spending. Increased tax credit for low income families

35. Early 1990s Post-Cold War era Post-Cold War era No communist “menace” No communist “menace” Base closures Base closures Economic growth Economic growth Wealth discrepancies, “knowledge economy” Wealth discrepancies, “knowledge economy” Demise of Unions Demise of Unions Deep political divisions Deep political divisions Ongoing “Culture Wars” Ongoing “Culture Wars” Global Warming and environmental pollution Global Warming and environmental pollution Consumer Debt Consumer Debt

36. “Contract with America” 1994 Congressional Elections 1994 Congressional Elections Newt Gingrich Newt Gingrich Speaker of the House Speaker of the House Welfare “Reform” Welfare “Reform” Balanced Budget Balanced Budget More prisons & harder sentences More prisons & harder sentences Defense spending Defense spending End abortion End abortion 39% voted 39% voted

37. Continued… Bill and Monica Bill and Monica Cover-up Cover-up House: Articles of Impeachment House: Articles of Impeachment Senate: No Senate: No 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement 1994: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1995: Oklahoma City and Timothy McVeigh 1995: Oklahoma City and Timothy McVeigh

38. The 2000 Election Most bitterly contested election in 100 years Most bitterly contested election in 100 years Gore/Lieberman Gore/Lieberman Moderate populism Shadow of Clinton Bush/Cheney Bush/Cheney “Compassionate Conservative” Roughly ½ of eligible voters went to polls Roughly ½ of eligible voters went to polls Voting irregularities Voting irregularities Florida Florida

39. The Aftermath…. Close election in Florida Close election in Florida Bush lead pop vote in FL, Gore wanted recount in 4 Democratic counties Bush lead pop vote in FL, Gore wanted recount in 4 Democratic counties Ballot irregularities, inaccurate registration, incomplete lists, old voting machines, butterfly ballots, hanging chads Ballot irregularities, inaccurate registration, incomplete lists, old voting machines, butterfly ballots, hanging chads Katherine Harris (R-Sec State & manager of Bush campaign in FL) refused recount, declared Bush winner Katherine Harris (R-Sec State & manager of Bush campaign in FL) refused recount, declared Bush winner Florida Supreme Court approved recount Florida Supreme Court approved recount Bush appealed to U.S. Supreme Court Bush appealed to U.S. Supreme Court 5-4 Court supported Bush and ruled against it 5-4 Court supported Bush and ruled against it Gore won national popular vote Gore won national popular vote Bush won electoral college vote (Mainly because all ballots were not counted in FL, he kept the 27 electoral votes) Bush won electoral college vote (Mainly because all ballots were not counted in FL, he kept the 27 electoral votes)

40. Bush II Reversal of Clinton’s policies Reversal of Clinton’s policies $1.3 Trillion tax cut $1.3 Trillion tax cut Economic recession Economic recession Globalization Globalization Rolled back environmental protection Rolled back environmental protection 2000 census and multiple identities 2000 census and multiple identities Immigration, borders and cheap labor Immigration, borders and cheap labor

41. US & Globalization The very same capitalist system promoted by the US, exported globally, brought changes to the US The very same capitalist system promoted by the US, exported globally, brought changes to the US Immigration to US fueled by globalization and movement of capital, search for cheap labor Immigration to US fueled by globalization and movement of capital, search for cheap labor Global capital left the US, wages declined, cheap goods imported, produced by lower wage workers Global capital left the US, wages declined, cheap goods imported, produced by lower wage workers Attack on unions, benefits, entitlements Attack on unions, benefits, entitlements “Wal-Mart economy” “Wal-Mart economy” Small population, massive resource use & pollution Small population, massive resource use & pollution 2000 Mexico was second largest trading partner 2000 Mexico was second largest trading partner Cultural intermixture vs. fear and reaction Cultural intermixture vs. fear and reaction