1. How to Build a Digital-Physical System Assegid Kidané Fall 2011

2. Today's Demo Pressure and Light Sensor Arduino and Laptop data processing Video and Sound output

3. Demo

4. The Big Picture

5. Steps Define problem and goals clearly Develop flowchart and algorithm Select main components Develop hardware and software Put it together and test Iterate until goals are met

6. Outline Electricity/Water analogy Electrical/Electronic circuit elements Basic formulae Reading and drawing schematics Using datasheets Microcontrollers, Sensors, Actuators, Media Software environments Experiential media integration

7. Goal Basic electronics Use of microcontrollers Interactive environment design Design and build 3D objects Learn effective collaboration

8. Water Analogy The following entities between a water circulation system and an electric circuit correspond fairly well Pressure – Voltage Water flow – Current Faucet, Constriction – Resistance Valve – Switch One way valve – Diode etc...

9. Comparisons

10. Circuit Elements Power supply Resistors Capacitors Inductors Semiconductors

11. Circuit Elements Power supply  Energy source

12. Circuit Elements Resistor, Capacitors and Inductors  Passive components

13. Circuit Elements Semiconductors  Active devices  Transistors, ICs, LEDs, gates, diodes

14. Circuit Elements Subgroup of ICs  Microcontrollers (pic, Atmega etc.) Microcontroller development boards  Arduino

15. Types of Circuits Analog  Continuous values of voltage between Ground and Power Digital  Only On or Off, High or Low, or Ground or Power Hybrid

16. Examples Analog  Most sensors, the physical world Digital  Your computer, most modern devices, your iPod for the most part

17. Schematics Symbolic representation of a circuit

18. Schematic More complex circuit

19. Breadboarding Provides connectivity Allows reconfiguration

20. Connectivity Under the Hood

21. Soldering Make permanent connections on the PCB

22. Test Equipment Multimeter Oscilloscope Signal Generator Power Supply Logic Analyzer Hand tools

23. Multimeter Use to measure Voltage, Current and Resistance  Some measure frequency, capacitance, temperature and more *** Caution***  Take extra care when measuring current  Start with a selection higher than the highest expected value

24. Oscilloscope Provides detailed graphic representation of signals Essential for signals with ac components Usefull for monitoring noise

25. Some Common Formulae Ohm's law  E = V = IR Formula wheel  E - (emf) same as Voltage  R – resistance  I – current  P - power

26. Series and Parallel Circuits

27. Using Ohm's Law Equivalent resistance = 1470ohms

28. Datasheets Your crucial companion Consult the manufacturer's datasheet if unsure of a device's specific behaviour Of special interest  Pinouts  Absolute maximum ratings  Typical application circuit

29. Important sections

30. Typical Circuit

31. Pinouts

32. Features

33. PCB Design Eagle software

34. Eagle 5.11 Details Easy to use Output files compatible with and accepted by most PCB fabs IDE available for Windows, Mac and Linux Frequently updated library Freeware version available limited to 100 x 80 mm boards, 2 signal layers and 1 sheet

35. Eagle Features Schematic capture

36. Eagle Light Layout

37. Router Interactive router and Autorouter

38. Introduction Tutorial Manufacturer guided tour at http://www.cadsoft.de/Tour/tour00.htm

39. Fabrication!

40. Capabilities Multilayer PCB fabrication Through hole plating Intricate PCB shapes routing Automatic tool change and milling width adjustment

41. Partial Specifications

42. CAM Software CircuitPro 1.4.XXX Import Gerber files from Eagle, Altium etc Configure machine for stock material and PCB process layers Generate milling, drilling and routing tool path Enjoy automated fabrication

43. Sample Interface

44. Support Material Manufacturer manual and AME prepared quick start manual Preparation and finishing tools PCB stock and backing material Additional and spare tool bits and process accessories All nearby

45. General Architecture Participatory Environment ( Installation, Performance)  Sensing  Data Processing  Actuation and Feedback

46. environment sensing Computing Feedback & Actuators

47. Sensors Motion  Position, Acceleration, Rotation Pressure Light Sound Temperature Biometric sensors

48. Some Sensors

49. Data Processing Desktop, Laptop Single Board Computer (SBC) Physical Computing Platform (Arduino, Parallax) Develop using a microcontroller (Pic, Atmega, 8051)

50. Some Processors

51. Introduction to the Arduino Environment Arduino Uno, Duemilanove Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad

52. Introduction to the Arduino Environment Arduino Uno, Duemilanove Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad ATmega Micro controllers

53. Introduction to the Arduino Environment Arduino Uno, Duemilanove Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad ATmega Micro controllers Bootloader Installed

54. Introduction to the Arduino Environment Arduino Uno, Duemilanove Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad ATmega Micro controllers Bootloader Installed Open Source IDE for Windows, OSx and Linux

55. Arduino Uno/Duemilanove 14 Digital I/Os 6 Analog Inputs 6 PWM Outputs USB Connectivity and Programming USB bus or External Power 16MHz Clock and 32KB Flash Memory

56. Arduino Uno Cont’d USB Port

57. Arduino Uno Cont’d USB Port External Power Power Selection

58. Arduino Uno Cont’d USB Port External Power Power Selection Digital I/Os, PWM, Serial Port

59. Arduino Uno Cont’d USB Port External Power Digital I/Os, PWM, Serial Port Analog InputsPower and Reset

60. Arduino Mini Pro Small footprint 16k Flash Program ROM 14 Digital and 6 Analog I/Os All UNO features except it needs external hardware for programming

61. Programming Arduino Mini Use the standard USB board with the micro controller removed Or use the Arduino serial USB board, Item # DEV-08165 from Sparkfun Electronics It is also possible to program it wireless using Blue SMiRF bluetooth modem

62. Arduino Mini Cont’d Used in many AME devices including  SOball1: Light ball with 5DOF IMU  SOball2: Light ball with IMU and RFID  RFID Mousepad

63. Arduino Nano Most Versatile Arduino Arduino Mini(stamp) with built-in USB interface and ICSP header All desirable features of Atmega 328 controller All analog inputs available in standard DIP layout

64. Other Hardware Include  ArduinoBT  ArduinoXBee  Wee Various Sheilds

65. Arduino Programming Simple Fast No programming hardware needed*

66. Sample Code Read a sensor  Data = analogRead(pin) Control analog devices(motor, light, etc)  analogWrite(pin, strength) Read a digital signal  digitalRead(pin) Output a digital signal  digitalWrite(pin, HIGH)

67. Output & Actuation Video displays, Projectors Speakers Lights Motors Haptic feedback devices

68. Actuators & Output Devices

69. Max/MSP Allows sophisticated audio and video manipulation and feedback Puredata for an OpenSource alternative with little graphics Many objects exist to interface with almost anything. Either direct or from 3 rd party developers.

70. Experiential Media System

71. Sensing Light: Using a CDS sensor with a 10K resistor to generate a voltage proportional to brightness Pressure: Using an FSR with 100k and 10k resistors to generate a voltage proportional to applied pressure

72. Data Processing Arduino: Samples the light and pressure analog signals using ADC. Digitize it and sends digital values to laptop on USB bus. Laptop(Max/msp): Process data, scales it as needed, and applies conditions and manipulate audio and video output.

73. Output or Feedback Processed/Manipulated Video output Processed Audio output

74. AME Digital Culture Kit

76. In Conclusion Sensing can include....  motion(location, acceleration, rotation), pressure, temperature, humidity, lighting, sound, magnetic(hall), biometric(eeg, emg, pulse, GSR) and more

77. Processing can include probabilistic computational model in addition to linear mapping

78. Output control can include....  Lighting, sound, video projection, temperature, humidity, mechanical(linear and rotational motion), fluid and gas flow and more

79. Collect Checkout Forms and Regulation Sheet Tool checkout form Electronic Kit checkout form Lab and equipment maintenance regulations

80. Please complete the collaboration optimization questionaire.

81. Web and Contact Info http://dc-bdps.wikispaces.asu.edu/ assegid@asu.edu 480 309 2686 (cell)

82. Questions?? Thank you