1. The M.A.I.N. Causes of World War One

2. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.

3. - A great nation had to have a large army and not be afraid of war.
Percentage Increase in Military Spending
Size of Peacetime Army 1914
Britain
117
430,000
France 92
970,000
Russia 19
1,500,000
Germany
158
760,000
Austria Hungary
160
480,000
Each nation had to keep up with the others as they continued to build larger militaries and became and arms race.
Naval Arms Race
The Newcomer Germany competes with England to create the largest Navy

4. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army

5. Tsar Nicholas II
Kaiser Wilhelm II
King George V
What do we notice?

6. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army

7. Early Alliances The Three Emperors League 1873
Germany, Austria-Hungry and Russia
Russia leaves the league in 1878, because of disputes in the Balkans
Making it a duel alliance

8. Italy joins the Duel Alliance for mutual defense
However, Italy makes a secret treaty with France in case of German aggression
The Triple Alliance 1882

9. Central Powers 1914 German Empire Austria-Hungarian Empire
The Ottoman Empire
- Later the Kingdom of Bulgaria

10. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army

11. Franco-Russian Military Convention
When German treaties with Russia expired, France quickly became allies with Russia.

12. Great Britain
Since the defeat of Napoleon Great Britain entered a period of “splendid isolation” not getting involved in European affairs, instead governing a world Empire.
However, the new German Empire disturbed the balance of power in Europe and elsewhere.

13. British Alliances Anglo- Japanese Alliance 1902
Meant to keep Germany from gaining colonies in Asia and the Pacific.
1904 – Cordial Entente – Alliance between France and Great Britain (traditional enemies)
1907 – Triple Entente – Russia joins France and Great Britain, becoming the core of the Allied powers

15. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia

16. Imperialism
Nations believed that to be great and prosperous required colonies.
New world powers like Germany, Japan and Italy wanted colonies, however found much of the world already taken.

18. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Imperialism –
European Nations compete to divide up the world.
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia

19. Aging Empires

20. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Imperialism –
European Nations compete to divide up the world.
Some empires struggle to keep control
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia

21. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Imperialism –
European Nations compete to divide up the world.
Some empires struggle to keep control
Nationalism – Belief in the greatness of your nation or peoples and devotion above all others.
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia

22. Many ethnic groups begin to identify with each other across political boundaries and seek to unify politically their people.
Pan Germanism – The unification and/or brotherhood of all the German people. Sometimes including the Swiss and the Dutch.
German and Austria-Hungary become “Natural Allies.”

23. Pan – Slavism
The belief in the unity and brotherhood of all the Slavic peoples
Russia the largest Slavic nation allies itself with other Slavic nations.
Here again is a map of the Austria-Hungarian Empire, the Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Bosnians, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), and Czechs are all Slavic populations within the Empire.

24. What do you think is going to happen?
The area of the empire labeled Bosnia is full of Serbians

25. The Spark
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip a Serbian Nationalist

26. Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Imperialism –
European Nations compete to divide up the world.
Some empires struggle to keep control
Nationalism – Belief in the greatness of your nation or peoples and devotion above all others.
THE SPARK
Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungry is assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia

27. Austria –Hungry gives Serbia and Ultimatum “they can refuse.”
Serbia receives a list of demands, that it rejects leading to Austria-Hungry declaring war on Serbia

28. 1. to suppress every publication which shall incite to hatred and contempt of the Monarchy. 2. to proceed at once to the dissolution of the Black Hand 3. to eliminate without delay from public instruction in Serbia, everything, whether connected with the teaching corps or with the methods of teaching, that serves or may serve to nourish the propaganda against Austria-Hungary; 4. to remove from the military and administrative service in general all officers and officials who have been guilty of carrying on the propaganda against Austria-Hungary 5. to agree to the cooperation in Serbia of the organs of the Imperial and Royal Government in the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the integrity of the Monarchy; 6. to institute a judicial inquiry against every participant in the conspiracy of the twenty-eighth of June who may be found in Serbian territory 7. to undertake with all haste the arrest of certain Serbian politicians 8. prevent the participation of Serbian authorities in the smuggling of weapons and explosives across the frontier; 9. A formal apology to inform the Imperial and Royal Government without delay of the execution of the measures comprised in the foregoing points.

29. Russia protecting a smaller Slavic nation declares war on Austria Hungary
Germany protecting its natural ally declares war on Russia
France and Britain honoring their treaties with Russia declare war on Germany
- Italy claiming Germany is fighting an offensive war does not honor its alliance, instead the Ottoman Empire joins the central powers

31. World War One! Militarism – The belief in having a large military.
Alliances – Europe eventually divides into two sides
Imperialism –
European Nations compete to divide up the world.
Some empires struggle to keep control
Nationalism – Belief in the greatness of your nation or peoples and devotion above all others.
THE SPARK
Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungry is assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist
Arms Race - nations compete for the biggest and best military
Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungry, the Ottoman Empire
UK vs. Germany – Navy
France vs. Germany
-Army
Allied Powers –
UK, France and Russia
World War One!