1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CyberGIS Progress and Perspectives in the Context of USGS E. Lynn Usery http://cegis.usgs.gov usery@usgs.gov

2. 2 Outline USGS needs for CyberGIS The National Map and other USGS datasets Progress to date Perspective for the future of CyberGIS at USGS 3DEP Alaska Maps and analysis on demand Some example problems for CyberGIS Conclusions

3. 3 USGS Needs for CyberGIS Multiple nationwide datasets at high resolution Complex calculations for geospatial data Integration of multiple datasets Creating Resource Description Framework (RDF) and semantics from legacy USGS datasets in geodatabase and image formats

4. 4 Current State Layer-based approach Generation of new topographic maps – US Topo 3 year cycle; 18,000 maps per year, 100 maps per day Viewer access with display, download, mashups with other data Problems – rapid display and delivery; relies on tile cache scheme Uses single CPU computer technology

5. 5 Dataset Geometry/ Format Attribution/ Scaling URL National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)VectorDiscrete/nominalhttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/nhd.html?p=nhd National Transportation DatasetVector; tablesDiscrete/nominalhttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htm National Boundaries DatasetVectorDiscrete/nominalhttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ National Structures DatasetVectorDiscrete/nominalhttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)VectorDiscrete/nominalhttp://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htm National Elevation Dataset (NED)RasterContinuous/ratiohttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm National Digital OrthophotosRasterContinuous/ interval http://www.ndop.gov/data.html; http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htm National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)RasterDiscrete/nominalhttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htm Global Land Cover DatasetRasterDiscrete/nominalhttp://landcover.usgs.gov/landcoverdata.php LiDARPointContinuous/ratiohttp://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ Satellite imagesRasterContinuous/intervalhttp://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/NewEarthExplorer/; http://glovis.usgs.gov/ Hazards (Earthquakes, Volcanoes)GraphicsMultiple formshttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/; http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/status.php MineralsVector; textDiscrete/nominalhttp://mrdata.usgs.gov/; http://tin.er.usgs.gov/mrds/ http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/; http://crustal.usgs.gov/geophysics/index.html EnergyVector; databasesMultiple formshttp://energy.usgs.gov/search.html Landscapes and CoastsReportsDiscrete/nominalhttp://geochange.er.usgs.gov/info/holdings.html AstrogeologyDatabasesDiscrete/nominalhttp://astrogeology.usgs.gov/DataAndInformation/ Geologic Map DatabaseVector; maps; textDiscrete/nominalhttp://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ Geologic Data Digital Data SeriesMaps; tablesDiscrete/nominalhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060/ National Water Information SystemGraphics; tablesContinuous/ratiohttp://wdr.water.usgs.gov/nwisgmap/ Floods and High FlowGraphics; tablesContinuous/ratiohttp://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=ww DroughtGraphics; tablesContinuous/ratiohttp://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=ww Monthly Stream Flow Graphics; tablesContinuous/ratiohttp://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=ww Ground WaterVector; tables;Continuous/ratiohttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw/; http://groundwaterwatch.usgs.gov/ Water QualityGraphicsContinuous/ratiohttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/qw/; http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/wqwatch/ National Biological Information Infra- structure (NBII) Graphics; vector; geodatabases Multiple formshttp://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nbii_home/236 Vegetation CharacterizationVector; databasesMultiple formshttp://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/ WildlifeVector; text;videoMultiple formshttp://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/ Invasive SpeciesVector; databases; graphics, image Multiple formshttp://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/invasive_species/221

6. 6 The 8 Layers of The National Map

7. 7 Datasets of The National Map National Land Cover Dataset (1992, 2000, 2006, 2011 in work) National Elevation Dataset (1,1/3,1/9 arc-sec) National Digital Orthophoto Dataset (multiple dates, multiple resolutions, 1 m, 1/3 m urban areas) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) (Medium, High, Local resolution) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) National Structures Dataset National Boundaries Dataset (US, state, county, minor civil divisions, governmental units) National Transportation Dataset (TIGER and others)

8. 8 Progress to date – Focus on complex computation for map projections pRasterBlaster development continuing pRasterBlaster Version 1.0 released 01 April 2012 Identified two substantive I/O bottlenecks pRasterBlaster Version 1.5 soon (fix identified bottlenecks; parallel I/O Library) Iterative testing mapIMG 4.0 (dRasterBlaster -- to be released this fall) Library of core functions shared by both dRasterBlaster & pRasterBlaster (libRasterBlaster -- almost complete)

9. 9 Progress to date – Data Availability for CyberGIS National Elevation Dataset Current 10 m resolution available for access through cyberGIS

10. 10 Perspective for the future of CyberGIS at USGS National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEAA) http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/neea.html The results of the assessment indicate that a national-level enhanced-elevation-data program has the potential to generate from $1.2 billion to $13 billion in new benefits annually. Review of and feedback on 3DEP: program recommendation of Quality Level 2 data and 8 year cycle

11. 11 Elevation Quality Levels (QL) Source Point Density (pts/m 2) Nominal Pulse Spacing (NPS) (m) DEM Post Spacing (arc- sec, m) Vertical RMSEz (cm) Equivalent Contour Accuracy (ft) QL1lidar80.351/27, ~19.251 QL2lidar20.71/27, ~29.251 QL3lidar1 - 0.251 - 21/9, ~3≤ 18.52 QL4images0.0451/3, ~1046.3 - 1395 - 15 QL5IfSar0.0451/3, ~1092.7 - 18510 - 20 NEEA Quality Levels

12. 12 Current Status of the Nation’s Elevation Data NEEA Inventory Results 1996 -2011 28% coverage -49 states 15% coverage –Alaska 30+ year replacement cycle Program is well coordinated –less than 10% overlap of coverage Data quality variable Why is this a problem? Remaining 72% coverage is 30 or more years old. Alaska –very poor quality Meets 10% of reported needs Current and emerging needs require higher quality data Map depicts public sources of LiDAR in all states plus IfSAR data in Alaska

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15. 15 3DEP – 3-Dimensional Elevation Program New program result of NEAA Trying to get support from multiple Federal and State agencies to produce nationwide coverage Communicate that the program is more than bare earth elevation –point cloud and other basic derivatives (TBD) will be distributed and archived 3DEP gives you the perspective to see more than just what’s on the surface

16. 16 United States Interagency Elevation Inventory Joint project of USGS, NOAA, and FEMA http://www.csc.noaa.gov/inventory/#

17. 17 Alaska Mapping Mapping Alaska at 1:24,000 (or 1:25,000) scale State wide SPOT images (2.5 m resolution) are being acquired Statewide IfSar at 5 m post spacing are being acquired The National Geospatial Program begins map production in FY 2013 (400 maps planned) Limited to producing maps where SPOT and IfSar are available

18. 18 Alaska Mapping Problems Hydrography Current National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) from 1:63,360 scale cannot be used Generate hydrography from IfSar; match to images Transportation No current source; some availability from Census, Open Street Map, and commercial contract Names – standard and variants; need sources Boundaries – multiple conflicting sources Land cover – from National Land Cover Dataset

19. 19 Maps and Analysis On Demand Currently use 7.5 min quadrangles Need to provide user any arbitrary area by name (county for example), user specified area (polygon) Major shift to realtime processing of requested areas Not work with current production of over 100 maps per day using GIS software

20. 20 Some Example Problems – Data Generation Hydrography from IfSar and 3DEP Identify geomorphic features for entire United States from current NED or 3DEP when available and images One possible approach: Use Ontology Design Patterns, geomorphic, and spectral signatures with neural net or other classifiers Example: craters Preprocessing for generalization of hydrography and transportation

21. 21 Some Example Problems Data Conversion and Delivery Massively parallel conversion of legacy geospatial databases to RDF Examples for automatic conversion that require high performance computing: NHD, NTD, NBD, NSD Feature identification and conversion from raster datasets: elevation, imagery, land cover Tile caching for viewer Moving data to cloud and delivery will be from there

22. 22 Some Example Problems – Science Applications Extract hydrography from lidar in 3DEP; match to current NHD to find problems; add streams found from extraction that are not in current NHD: supports water modeling applications Data integration of The National Map with other USGS nationwide datasets Magnetic, gravity, and geologic data Similar integration with water and biologic datasets

23. 23 Some Example Problems – Science Applications Geospatial data integration for intermediate economic resiliency modeling Integration of geospatial data and its derivatives with cultural, transportation, infrastructure and economic data to model urban supply chains Integration of natural hazard, meteorological, hydrologic data and natural disaster data of model optimizing the resiliency of supply chain elements

24. 24 Conclusions USGS geospatial and map databases can benefit from CyberGIS for production applications Potential for new science with cyberGIS using nationwide high resolution datasets processed as single units

25. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CyberGIS Progress and Perspectives in the Context of USGS E. Lynn Usery http://cegis.usgs.gov usery@usgs.gov