1. Educational Gaming Presented by Kathleen Murphy

2. What is Gaming? A competitive activity with preset rules Goal is to win game by applying knowledge and rehearsing learned skills Primarily for Cognitive functioning Connects theory to experience Can be played anytime in the learning sequence

3. What is Gaming? (con’t) The educator’s role is facilitator of game Keeps flow going and interprets rules Games can be individual Crossword puzzles or Word searches Games can be played in a group Team quizzes or Board games Prizes are utilized to publicly acknowledge learner’s achievement Bastable, p. 443-444

4. Cognitive Learning Theory “Cognitive learning, a highly active process, largely directed by the individual, involves perceiving the information, interpreting it based on what is already known, and then reorganizing the information into new insights or understanding (Bandura, 2001; Hunt, Ellis, & Ellis, 2004, in Bastable, 2008, p. 60). Learner takes lecture information and reorganizes and applies it to play the game

5. Settings for Games Hospital settings Classrooms Clinics Doctor’s offices Support groups

6. Gaming in a Hospital Setting Game was used to assess nurses knowledge of MRSA Staff members were asked to identify violations of infection-control practices in a mock isolation room Participants completed an answer sheet and went to an answer station Staff had an opportunity to correct their wrong information regarding infection control Bastable, p. 444

7. Gaming in a Classroom Setting Educator can present a Jeopardy or Wheel of Fortune game to be played by students to help retain and apply newly learned lecture knowledge

8. Gaming for a Patient A word search puzzle can be presented for dialysis patients to identify foods known to elevate serum potassium levels A crossword puzzle can be given to a patient to identify what should and should not be done with Congestive Heart Failure Bastable, p. 444

9. Adapting the Game MRSA game could be a team quiz game played in groups Dialysis crossword could be a group game where patients pick out pictures of high potassium foods Jeopardy questions could be made into crossword puzzles or word searches Games are Flexible!

10. Pros of Gaming Fun with a purpose Reduction of stress and anxiety Stimulates interaction and promotes retention of information Promotes teamwork/Enhances motivation Adds variation to learning experience Easy to devise or modify for group of individual learning Excellent for dull content that is essential to curriculum

11. Cons of Gaming Creates stress and embarrassment when incorrect answers are given Competition can be seen as threatening Difficult to assess individual competencies when teams are involved Requires special preparation (time/cost) Group sizes must be kept small Can be noisy and require large spaces Might be physically demanding and difficult for students with disabilities

12. Evaluation of Gaming Pretest and Posttest is the most often used method of evaluation Pretest determines the student’s baseline knowledge Posttest indicates whether students have achieved the objectives Gaming is only for formative, not summative evaluation Debriefing after game brings the teaching/learning process full circle

13. References Bastable, S.B. (2008). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice (3rd edition). Sunbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Blakely, G., Skirton, H., Cooper, S., Allum, P., & Nelmes, P. (2008). Educational gaming in the health sciences: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 259-269. Skiba, D.J. (2008). Games for health. Nursing Education Perspectives, 29(4), 230-232. Sternberger, C. (2003). Adult teaching strategies. Adult Learning, 6(4), 12-14. Royse, M. A., & Newton, S.E. (2007). How gaming is used as an innovative strategy for nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 28(5), 263-267.