1. Creating A Constitution
Constitution = a document stating the rules under which a government will operate
Leaders of the new nation remembered what they had hated about British rule
Americans sought to create a republic in which the states had more power than the central government
Explain different levels of government…state and national
As the Continental Congress began moving towards independence in 1776, leaders in the individual states began creating governments
11 of 13 states created new constitutions

2. Creating a Constitution Targets
I can determine the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
I can evaluate and debate why the Constitutional Convention decided to create an entirely new framework of government.
I can describe what shaped the outcome of the Constitutional Convention in 1787
I can explain how compromises solved crises in the Constitutional Convention.

3. Constitutional Convention of 1787
Virginia Plan
strong central government
Three branches of government:
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Legislature divided into two houses
Representation based on population
Small states objected to the plan because the more people a state had, the more seats it would have. (which means more VOTES)

4. Population of the 13 original states from the official census of 1790
Connecticut 237,946
Delaware 59,096
Georgia 82,548
Maryland 319,728
Massachusetts 378,787
New Hampshire 141,885
New Jersey 184,139
New York 340,120
North Carolina 393,751
Pennsylvania 434,373
Rhode Island 68,825
South Carolina 249,073
Virginia 691,737

5. Constitutional Convention of 1787
New Jersey Plan
Single house (s) in Congress
Equal representation for each state
Expanded powers of Congress to raise money and regulate commerce

6. Constitutional Convention of 1787
The Great Compromise
Two houses of Congress
Lower house: House of Representatives
Representation based on population
Upper house: Senate
Each state had two seats

7. Slave population-1790 census
Connecticut 237,946 2, %
Delaware 59,096 8, %
Georgia 82,548 29,264 35%
Maryland 319, ,036 32%
Massachusetts 378, %
New Hampshire 141, <1%
New Jersey 184,139 11,423 6%
New York 340,120 21,324 6%
North Carolina 393, ,572 25%
Pennsylvania 434,373 3,737 <1%
Rhode Island 68, %
South Carolina 249, ,094 43%
Virginia 691, ,627 42%
Slave owners did not want to pay taxes on their slaves (remember they were property…not a deduction on your taxes)
They did want to count slaves when it meant that they could have more representatives in Congress though…if they have more votes they could protect or expand slavery...they don’t want to be out voted and have slavery outlawed
These population questions and issues are going to play a huge in roll in the decisions that are made at the meeting

8. 1790 Census Free African Americans = 1.5% Slave= 17.9%
White population= 80%

9. Constitutional Convention of 1787
The Three-Fifths Compromise
Southerners said that enslaved people should be counted in calculating how many representatives a state should have in Congress.
Northerners objected because enslaved people were not allowed to vote
As a compromise each enslaved person was counted as three fifths of a person (for taxes and representation)

10. Chart Who proposed the plan? What was included in the plan?
Who supported the plan?
Virginia Plan page (read through The Great Compromise)
New Jersey Plan page 214
Great Compromise page (Terms of Compromise)

11. Virginia Plan Proposed by Edmund Randolph
Wanted a new, stronger central government
James Madison was the main author
Called for 3 separate branches
Legislative-congress
Executive – enforce laws
Judicial – interpret laws
Congress would have 2 parts
Lower house
Upper house
Representation based on population (more people a state had, the more seats it would get)
Supported by big states (like Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts)

12. New Jersey Plan Introduced by William Paterson
Single house of congress
Equal representation for each state
Expanded power of Congress to raise money and regulate trade
Supported by smaller states

13. Great Compromise Roger Sherman worked out the compromise
Created 2 house Congress
Lower house called House of Representatives-based on population- supported by large states
Upper house called Senate – each state has two seats (equal for all states)– supported by smaller states

14. US Debt
1791
$75,463,476.52
Lowest= 1834
$33,733.05
Stead decline
Then Civil War-HUGE increase
Debt by president
Debt clock
Good info

15. US Debt Thousand (3 zeros) Million (6 zeros) Billion (9 zeros)
Trillion (12 zeros)
Quadrillion (15 zeros)
Quintillion (18 zeros)

16. US Debt
1st time over billion
1862
1st time over trillion
1982

17. US Debt
National Debt Clock

18. Who do we owe the $$$$ to?
Here is a pie chart showing the makeup, or ownership, of the National Debt as of December 1998.
The remaining 60% of the Debt is privately held by individuals, corporations, states, and foreign governments. As of November 2007, Japan ($580 billion), China ($390 billon) and the United Kingdom ($320 bilion) are the biggest foreign holders of our Debt.
What is the difference between the Debt and the Deficit?
A: The National Debt is the total amount of money owed by the government; the federal budget deficit is the yearly amount by which spending exceeds revenue. Add up all the deficits (and subtract those few budget surpluses we've had) for the past 200+ years and you'll get the current National Debt. Politicians love to crow "The deficit is down! The deficit is down!" like it's a great accomplishment. Don't be fooled. Reducing the deficit just means we're adding less to the Debt this year than we did last year. Big deal -- we're still adding to the Debt. When are we going to start seeing the Debt actually go down?