1. Table tennis

2. Table Tennis An indoor adaptation of the game of lawn tennis, played on a table sized court, with a small, very light, hollow celluloid ball and small wooden rackets or paddles. It is also called “ping-pong”, “wiff waff”, and “gossima”. A game resembling tennis played on a top with wooden paddles and a small hollow plastic ball.

3. Table Tennis History  Originated in England, Hungary and Czechoslovakia and later became popular in the United States.  19 th Century Table tennis became popular in England and the United States.  20 th Century the became sensationally popular and commercial interest in England and the United States popularized it under the trade name “ Pingpong”.

4. Table Tennis History 1890 – “Pingpong” was the original name of Table tennis. 1926 – (ITTF) International Table Tennis Federation was established in Berlin 1933 – United States Table Tennis Association was established 1928 – Sponge rackets were being developed by John Jacques and Company. 1950’s – The introduction of a new stroke.

5. Table Tennis Characteristics: Team members – Single or Doubles Mixed gender– Men and Women Categorization_Racket sports or indoor/outdoor games

6. Facilities and Equipment The Table

7. Facilities and Equipment The Table  The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular 9 feet(2.74m) in length and 5 feet(1.52m) in with. The playing surface shall be in a horizontal plane 2 ft. 6 inches(76cm.) above the floor.

8. Facilities and Equipment The Table  Shall be in surface rectangular, 2.74m. In length and 1,52m in with; it shall be supported so that it upper surface termed the surface, shall lie in a horizontal plane 760mm. Above the floor.  The playing surface shall be dark-colored, preferably dark green and matt, with a white line of 20mm. Broad along each edge.  The lines at the 1.525m, shall be termed as side lines.

9. Facilities and Equipment The Table  For Doubles, the playing surface shall be termed center line, divided into halves by a white line 3mm, broad, running parallel to the side lines. The center line may, for convenience, be permanently marked in full length on the table and this in no way invalidates the table for singles play.

10. Facilities and Equipment The Net

11. Facilities and Equipment The Net  Shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the post being 15.25cm outside the side line.  The top of the net along its whole length shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface and the bottom of the net shall be as close as possible to the playing surface along its whole length and the ends of the net shall be as close as possible to the supporting posts.

12. Facilities and Equipment

14. The Ball  Shall be spherical, with a diameter of 38mm. It shall be made of celluloid or similar plastic, white, yellow, and orange. It weights 2.5 grams. The Racket  May be any size, shape or weight. Its blade shall be flat and rigid. At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood. An adhesive layer, within the blade may be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper but shall not ticker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm whichever is the smaller.

15. Facilities and Equipment The Racket  Ordinary Pimpled Rubber is a single layer of non- cellular rubber, natural synthetic with pimples evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not less than 10/sq.cm. and not more than 50/sq.cm.  Sandwich Rubber is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single outer layer of the pimpled rubber not being more than 2 mm.

16. Basic skill techniques Forehand Grip Backhand Grip Penhold Grip Footwork and stance

17. The Grip Shake hands grip- forehand side. Shake hands grip - backhand side

18. Shake hands Grip Start by “shaking hands” with the racquet handle. Now extend your index finger along the bottom of the blade. This gives extra stability to the blade. Now check the thumb. It should be along the bottom of the blade, on the opposite side from your index finger. The thumbnail should be perpendicular to the blade. The soft part of the thumb should not be touching the blade. Now check the crook of the thumb and forefinger. The blade should rest there, perhaps a little to the index finger side but never on the thumb side. The exact placement can be varied somewhat.

19. Shakehands Grip With this grip, there are now two anchors – the thumb and index finger and the last three fingers around the handle. In addition, the middle finger helps support the weight of the blade. With the fingers in proper position, the blade is very stable. When hitting a backhand, the thumb gives a firm backing; when hitting a forehand, the index finger does this.

20. Penhold  The penhold grip is so-named because one grips the racket similarly to the way one holds a writing instrument.writing instrument  The most popular style, usually referred to as the Chinese penhold style, involves curling the middle, ring, and fourth finger on the back of the blade with the three fingers always remain touching one another.

21. Footwork and Stance A good stance in receiving is about 2 to 2½feet directly at the back of the center line of the court. Stand with the feet a little apart and with the left foot forward.(for a right – handed person).

22. Getting Started Practice bouncing the ball on the racquet. developed their hand/eye Coordination have Them try bouncing the ball on the racquet but using alternate sides of the racquet. Bouncing a ball on a racket helps increase coordination for young beginners.

23. Simple Serves Forehand Topspin Serve

24. On all serves, the points that should be stressed are: Keep the ball low. All serves should be served with as much spin or as much speed as possible. All serves should be aimed at a particular part of the table, not just served in the general direction of the far side. Serve with a general plan in mind. If you want a topspin return, serve topspin. If you want a backspin return, serve backspin. Of course, this is just a generality. You can’t force your opponent to return the ball the way you want. But you can try. Make sure the serve is legal!

25. A topspin serve, have them hold the racquet so it is perpendicular to the floor. Have them contact the ball on the back towards the top with an upward and forward motion. Show them how to graze the ball for maximum topspin. This serve can be done either forehand or backhand, whichever is easier for the child. However, they should eventually learn to do it both forehand and backhand

26. Simple Serves Forehand Backspin Serve

27. A backspin serve, have him/her hold the racquet so the hitting surface is pointing mostly upward at about a 45 degree angle to the floor. The specific angle depends both on the type of racquet surface, the speed of the racquet at contact, and how finely the ball is grazed. This is true on all serves, but especially with backspin and sidespin.

28. Contact the ball on the back towards the bottom with a downward stroke. Again, stress that the more you graze the ball, the more spin. This serve can also be done both forehand and backhand, and both ways should be learned.

29. Backhand Topspin Serve

30. Backhand Backspin Serve

31. Forehand Sidespin Serve

32. Backhand Sidespin Serve - similar to a backhand backspin or topspin serve except racket moves sideways instead of down or up

33. The Strokes Techniques or  Ready Position for Strokes You should stand at the table. Have your players stand in a slight crouch with the knees slightly bent. Weight should be on the balls of the feet, Which should be slightly farther than shoulder width apart. Offensive strokes

34. FOREHAND TOP SPIN SHOT This shot is basic offensive drive accomplished by striking the ball with a vigorous motion either on the dropping part of the bounce or at the height of the bounce. Make an upward- forward movement of the racket in order to make a top spin. You can use this shot on high- bouncing returns. Be sure to put more weight on your forward foot to add power to the shot.

35. Drive Forehand Drive

36. Forehand Drive Rotate the body to the right at the waist and rotate the arm back at the elbow. The elbow should stay near the waist. Weight should be rotated to the right foot. During the backswing, the racquet should open slightly. The racquet tip and arm should point slightly down, with the elbow at about 120 degrees or so.

37. Forehand Drive Start by rotating the weight forward onto the left foot. This initiates the forward swing. Now Rotate the arm on the elbow forward, keeping the elbow almost stationary. The elbow angle should decrease to about 90 degrees. The waist should be rotated forward. Backswing and forward swing should be one continuous motion.

38. Forehand Drive Contact should be made at The top of the bounce, in front and slightly to the right of the body. This will close your racquet as it contacts the ball. The racquet should rotate around the ball, creating topspin. Sink the ball into the sponge using the upward and forward motion of the racquet. Stroke through the ball - do not stop the swing at contact.

39. Forehand Drive The racquet goes roughly to the forehead or around the right eye, similar to a salute. Taller players Follow through lower. Shorter players (and most kids) follow through a little higher. Weight should be transferred to the left leg, with the shoulders and waist rotated to the left.

40. Backhand Drive

41. The Backhand drive Rotate the lower arm and racquet towards the stomach, bringing the racquet down to about table level. The racquet and arm should point slightly downwards, with the elbow at about a 90 degree angle. The racquet should open during the backswing. The elbow itself stays stationary. Do not use the shoulder, legs, waist, etc., at any part of the stroke!

42. The Backhand drive Rotate the lower arm and racquet forward and slightly up on elbow. The elbow moves forward just enough to keep the racquet going in a straight line. At contact, snap the wrist up and over the ball, closing the racquet. The racquet rotates around the ball, creating topspin. For extra power, stroke straight through the ball with less spin, sinking the ball straight into the sponge and wood.

43. The Backhand drive The arm continues to extend forward and slightly up, with the elbow extending forward to keep the racquet going in a straight line until the very end of the follow-through. At the end of the stroke, the racquet should point a little to the right of the direction the ball was hit. The elbow is now almost fully extended.

44. The Block - Forehand and Backhand Backhand Block Forehand Block

45. The Block A block is a simple way of returning a hard drive. A block can be done either forehand or backhand. the block is that you should contact the ball earlier. Take it right off the bounce. The block is most effective as a way to return an opponent’s drive as quickly as possible so as not to give him a chance to keep attacking.

46. The Block - Forehand and Backhand Very little backswing. Just get the racquet into position so that the incoming ball will contact it. Very little, except on an aggressive block. The key to blocking is to use the opponent’s speed and spin to return the ball. Contact should be made right after the bounce. Quickness is the key – you don’t want to give your opponent time to make another strong shot.

47. The Block - Forehand and Backhand Hold the racquet firmly and let the ball sink into the sponge and trampoline back. At contact, move the racquet forward some, more so against a slow ball than against a fast one. Although you have no backswing and hardly any forward motion before contact, you do have to follow through. Just move the racquet forward, rotating at the elbow.

48. The Push shot or Half Volley The push is a passive backspin shot done against backspin. It is generally done against a serve or push which you don’t want to attack. It is mostly done with the backhand, as the forehand push is slightly awkward and it is usually better to attack on that side. The key is to push so the opponent cannot attack effectively. Keep the ball low, place it well, and give it a good backspin.

49. Backhand Push

50. Point the elbow forward, open the racquet, and bring the racquet backward, rotating at the elbow. The elbow should not move much during the stroke. Rotate the racquet forward and slightly down.

51. Backhand Push Beginners should contact the ball as it drops. Let the ball fall onto the racquet, grazing the bottom back of the ball to create backspin. More advanced players can push quicker off the bounce, but for kids that may be too difficult to control. Top players do it both ways.

52. Forehand Push

53. The elbow should be slightly in front of the body. Open the racquet and bring the racquet backwards and up, almost to the right shoulder. The elbow does not move throughout the rest of the stroke. Rotate the racquet forward and down at the elbow.

54. Forehand Push Contact is the same as on the backhand push. Let the ball drop onto the racquet, grazing the bottom back of the ball to create backspin. Do not stop at contact. Follow through by extending the arm at the elbow until it is almost fully extended.

55. Defensive strokes Forehand Chop Backhand Chop Drop Chop Smash shot

56. FOREHAND CHOP This is defensive stroke executed with a hatchet chopping movement. The movement of the racket begins by hitting the ball forward downward and finished with your arm extended in front of you. Cut the ball with the blade down behind and under the ball so that it spins as it leaves the racket. This is done with much speed making if difficult of the opponent to return the ball.

57. BACKHAND CHOP This stroke is the opposite of the forehand stroke. It is shorter and needs a strong use of the forearm and wrist. Start the stroke from chin-height and end at about the wrist-height.

58. DROP CHOP This stroke is executed by swinging the racket as I making a drive but stopping the forward motion as the racket is almost hitting the ball hit the racket instead.

59. SMASH SHOT From a height of about 2 ft., hit straight forward and downward without spin. This is a kill.

60. Forehand Loop vs. Backspin

61. The Loop a shot with excessive topspin. The spin is produced by grazing the ball in an upward direction. A good loop is difficult for a beginner to return without going off the end or at least popping up. It is easier to loop against backspin than against topspin. It is primarily a set-up shot, but it can also be used as a put away shot.

62. Forehand Loop With your right foot slightly back, bend your knees, rotate your hips, waist and shoulders backward, and bring your racket and arm down and back by dropping your right shoulder. Straighten your arm so elbow is nearly straight, with your wrist cocked down slightly.

63. Forehand Loop Start the forward swing by pushing off your back leg and rotating your hips and waist forward. Rotate your shoulders, pulling with your left. Just before contact, snap your forearm and wrist into the ball smoothly but vigorously. (Beginners shouldn’t use wrist at first.)

64. Forehand Loop Contact the ball as it drops for maximum spin and control, at the top of the bounce for faster, more aggressive loops. Contact is made in front and to the right of your body, immediately after the shoulder and hip rotation. Contact is a lifting, grazing motion against the back of the ball.

65. Forehand Loop Arm should continue up and forward, finishing with the racket somewhere around the forehead or higher. Transfer your weight to your left foot.

66. Definitions Rally Rally The period during which the ball is in play Let Let A rally the result of which is not scored Point Point A rally the result of which is scored Racket hand Racket hand the hand carrying the racket Free hand Free hand the hand carrying of the racket. Strikes Strikes the ball by touching it with his racket, held in hand, or with his racket-hand below the wrist.

67. Definitions Volleys the ball if he strikes it in play when has not touched this court since last being struck by his opponent. Obstructs the ball if he, or anything he wears or carries, touches it in play when it was not passed over the table or an imaginary extension of his end line, not having touched his court since last being struck by his opponent. Passing over the net If it passes under or outside the projection of the net assembly outside the table or it. In a return, it is struck after it has bounced over the net.

68. Definitions Serverthe player due to strike the ball first in the rally Receiverthe player due to catch the ball first in the rally Umpirethe person appointed to decide on the result of each rally Assistant umpire the person appointed to assist the umpire with certain duties. Anything the player wears or carries includes anything that he was wearing or carrying at the start of rally

69. The Rules Scoring The game is 21 points. A game must be won by two points. Serves are alternated every five points, except at deuce (when they are alternated every point). The game does not end at 7-0 or any other score except 21 or deuce.

70. The Rules Serving The ball must be held in an uncupped hand, with the thumb free. The ball must be tossed up at least six inches. The net is six inches high and can be used for comparison. The ball must be struck while it is dropping. Contact must be above the table level and behind the end line or its imaginary extension. Let serves (serves that nick the net but hit the other side of the table) are taken over. You can serve any number of let serves without losing a point.

71. The Rules Rallying You may not volley the ball (hit it before it bounces on your side of the table). The rally continues until someone fails to return the ball. You may not move the table or touch it with your non- playing hand. To start a game, one player hides the ball in one hand under the table and the other tries to guess what hand it is in. Winner gets the choice of serving or receiving first (or choice of sides).

72. The Rules Starting a game According to ITTF rule 2.13.1, the first service is decided by lot, normally a coin toss. It is also common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand (usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is in. The correct or incorrect guess gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, receive, or to choose which side of the table to use. (A common but non- sanctioned method is for the players to play the ball back and forth four times and then play out the point. This is commonly referred to as "play to serve" or "rally to serve".)coin toss

73. The Rules Service and return  In game play, the player serving the ball commences a play  The server first stands with the ball held on the open palm of the hand not carrying the racket, called the freehand, and tosses the ball directly upward without spin, at least 16 centimeters (approximately 6 inches) high.

74. The Rules Service and return  The server strikes the ball with the racket on the ball's descent so that it touches first his court and then touches directly the receiver's court without touching the net assembly.  The ball must remain behind the endline and above the upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, at all times during the service.

75. The Rules Service and return  The server cannot use his body or clothing to obstruct sight of the ball; the opponent and the umpire must have a clear view of the ball at all times.  If the service is "good", then the receiver must make a "good" return by hitting the ball back before it bounces a second time on receiver's side of the table so that the ball passes the net and touches the opponent's court, either directly or after touching the net assembly.

76. The Rules Service and return  Thereafter, the server and receiver must alternately make a return until the rally is over.  Returning the serve is one of the most difficult parts of the game, as the server's first move is often the least predictable and thus most advantageous shot due to the numerous spin and speed choices at his or her disposal.

77. The Rules The order of play In singles, the server shall first make a good service; the receiver shall then make a good return and there after, server and receiver alternatively shall each a good return.

78. THE RULES A GOOD RETURN Is when a ball having been served or returned in play shall be struck so that it passes directly over or around the net touches the opponent’s court either directly or after touching the net assembly.

79. THE RULES THE PLAY The ball is in play from the last moment it is projected from the hand in service until it touches anything other than the plating surface the net assembly, the racket, held in the hand or the racket hand below the wrist or the rally is otherwise decided as let or point.

80. ASSIGNMENT OTHER RULES OF THE GAME IN TABLE TENNIS 1.LET 2.A POINT 3.A MATCH 4.THE CHOICE OF ENDS AND SERVICE 5.THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND ENDS 6.THE EXPEDITE SYSTEM