1. GOTHIC EUROPE GARDNER CHAPTER 18-3 PP. 478-486

2. VIRGIN OF PARIS  Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early 14 th century  Best example of the court style in Late Gothic sculpture  Exaggerated S-curve posture is typical of Late Gothic sculpture  A worldly queen -> decked out in royal garments and heavy gem- encrusted crown -> Jesus as infant prince  Further humanization of the portrayal of religious figure -> Late Gothic is very different in tone from the solemnity of most High Gothic figures

3. SAINT-MACLOU, ROUEN  West façade of Saint-Maclou, Rouen, France, ca. 1500-1514  Shift from the High Gothic to the Late French Gothic architecture = shift from Rayonnant to the FLAMBOYANT style -> named for the flamelike appearance of its pointed bar tracery  Best example of Flamboyant style is the church of Saint-Maclou in Normandy  The five portals bend outward in an arc -> wiry, flickering flamboyant tracery form brittle decorative webs mask the buildings structure  Bewildering complexity of overlapping features

4. CARCASSONNE  Aerial view of the fortified town of Carcassonne, France, 12 th and 13 th centuries  Age of frequent warfare -> feudal barons built fortified castles/towns  Ramparts = defensive wall circuits  Battlements with crenellations  The keep  Familiar sight in Gothic France -> tight complex of castle, cathedral, and town

5. GUILD HALL, BRUGES  Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Belgium, begun 1230  The Bruges cloth guild’s meeting hall is an early example of a new type of secular architecture in the late Middle Ages  Sits in the city’s major square -> shows the important role of artisans and merchants in Gothic Europe  Designed to for attention and prestige with the towers of city cathedrals

6. HOUSE OF JACQUES COEUR  House of Jacques Couer, Bourges, France, 1443-1451  The house of the immensely wealthy Bourges financier Jacques Couer -> splendid example of Late Gothic architecture w/elaborate tracery  Symbol of the periods new secular spirit

7. BOOK ILLUMINATION AND LUXURY ARTS  Paris was the intellectual center of Gothic Europe  University faculty -> birthplace of scholasticism  Center for skilled architects, masons, sculptors, and stained-glass makers  Center for the production of fine books  During the Gothic period book manufacture shifted from monastic scriptoria to urban workshops of professional artists

8. VILLARD DE HONNECOURT  Villard de Honnecourt, figures based on geometric shapes, folio 18 verso of sketchbook, from Paris, ca. 1220-1235, ink on vellum  On this page from his private sketchbook, the master mason Villard de Honnecourt sought to demonstrate that simple geometric shapes are the basis of natural forms and building  Ars de geometria

9. GOD AS ARCHITECT  God as architect of the world, folio 1 verso of a moralized Bible, from Paris, France, ca. 1220-1230, ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum  Geometry played a symbolic role in Gothic art and architecture  The triangle for example, symbolized the idea of the Trinity, the circle symbolized the eternity of the one God  God is shaping the world w/the aid of a compass -> the artist portrays God as an industrious architect using the same tools as Gothic builders

10. LOUIS IX, THE SAINTLY KING  The royal patron behind the Parisian Rayonnant “court style” of Gothic art and architecture was King Louis IX (1214-1270)  His mother Blanche of Castile served as regent to the boy king  French regarded Louis as the ideal king -> in 1297 he was declared a saint  Known for his piety, justice, truthfulness, and charity  Louis launched two Crusades and died in Tunisia during the second one  He was seen as the Christian knight, the benevolent monarch, and the holy man

11. BLANCHE OF CASTILE  Detail of the dedication page of a moralized Bible, 1226-1234  Saint Louis was an avid collector or both secular and religious books -> amassed a vast library  One of the books commissioned by the royal family is a moralized Bible - > costly gold-leaf dedication page depicts Saint Louis, his mother Blanche of Castile, and two monks - > the younger monk is at work on the paired illustrations of a moralized Bible

12. PSALTER OF SAINT LOUIS  Abraham and the three angels, folio 7 verso of the Psalter of Saint Louis, from Paris, France, 1253-1270, ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum  It is believed the artists who produced the Psalter of Saint Louis are the same as those who produced the stained glass for his Saint-Chapelle church  Architectural settings reflect screenlike lightness and transparency of royal Rayonnant buildings -> colors emulate those of stained glass  Elegant proportion s, facial expression, theatrical gestures, swaying postures are hallmarks of the Parisian Rayonnant court style

13. BREVIARY OF PHILIPPE LE BEL  Master Honore, David anointed by Samuel, folio 7 verso of the Breviary of Philippe le Bel, From Paris, France, 1296, ink and tempera on vellum  Master Honore was one of the secular artists who produced books for the French monarchy  Two Old Testament scene involving David -> Samuel anoints youthful David, David prepares to aim his slingshot  Figures have sculptural volume and showed the play of light on their bodies

14. BELLEVILLE BREVIARY  Jean Pucelle, David before Saul, folio 24 verso of the Belleville Breviary, Paris, France, ca. 1325, ink and tempera on vellum  Fully modeled figures in 3D architectural settings rendered in convincing perspective  Believed to have visited and studied in Italy  Close observer of plants and fauna

15. VIRGIN OF JEANNE D’EVREUX  Virgin of Jeannne d’Evereux, from the abbey church of Saint-Denis, France, 1339, silver gilt and enamel, 2’3” high  Queen Jeanne d’Evereux donated this luxurious reliquary-statuette to the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis  Intimate human characterization of the holy figures recalls that of the Virgin of Paris  Beautiful young Mary, child playfully reaches for his mother -> elegant proportions, swaying posture, heavy drapery folds  Fleur-de-lis scepter contained hairs believed to be from Mary’s head

16. THE CASTLE OF LOVE  The Castle of Love and knights jousting, lid of a jewelry casket  Woman’s jewelry box adorned w/ivory relief panels  At left the siege of the Castle of Love -> shooting flowers and hurling baskets of roses from catapults  Center is a jousting scene