1. Endosymbiosis Theory and Abiogenesis
Mr. Pontifis
NGC

2. Endosymbiotic Theory
Theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts and their double membranes.
Can also explain the rise of cells and their organelles.
Symbiosis: occurs when two different species benefit from living together
Large host cell ingested a bacterial cell to benefit from one another

3. The Evidence Mitochondria and chloroplasts both contain their own dNA
Their dNA is different than the dNA of the cells they are found in
Their genomes resemble bacterial genomes(single/circular)
Both organelles can only arise from preexisting ones by dividing themselves
Contain their own protein synthesizing machinery
Antibiotics that can block bacterial protein synthesis can also block protein synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts

5. Abiogenesis Theory Theory that attempts to explain the origin of life
Scientist suggest that many yrs ago gases in the atmosphere had the ability to react upon being struck by lightning or other sources of energy
Gases would assemble into organic compounds which would further assemble into more increasingly complex molecules such as proteins
These proteins ultimately developed into living cells

6. The Experiment
Miller-Urey: two scientists that attempted to replicate the conditions for the Abiogenesis theory
Water was set to boil on a flask, the vapor would pass through a condenser and into a flask containing Ammonia, Methane, and Hydrogen (Atmosphere)
Resulting mixture was subject to a 50K bolt spark
The resulting tar like substance was then analyzed
Amino acids where found (building blocks of life), as well as carbs

7. Miller-Urey Experiment

8. Problems With the Experiment
It is difficult to create the same conditions that earth experienced many yrs ago
Oxygen in the atmosphere could have prevented some of the reactions from forming organic compounds
AA’s were formed but in the wrong confirmations (there are L-AA’s as well as D-AA’s)
Left form AA’s are common in living things
Coordination of many proteins in correct order is almost impossible to create a cell
Too many probabilities

9. L-AA’s and D-AA’s
L-form is the most predominant in life forms (left handed)