1. The President’s Administration
Chapter 6
Section 3

2. Section 3 at a Glance The President’s Administration
The Executive Office of the President works closely with the president to determine domestic, economic, and foreign policy.
The role of the vice president has grown a great deal. Nine vice presidents have had to assume the title of president when the position became vacant.
Over the years, the Cabinet has increased in size, and presidents have varied in how much they rely on the Cabinet for counsel.

3. The Powers of the Presidency
Main Idea
The president leads a large team of people who help carry out the duties of the office. This team includes a staff of advisers, the vice president, and members of the Cabinet.
Reading Focus
What is the Executive Office of the President, and what are its duties?
How has the role of the vice president changed over time?
What is the Cabinet, and how does it work with the president?

4. The President’s Staff

5. Executive Office of the President
President’s administration includes all working for executive branch
Most are career employees; at top are presidential appointees, who change when new president elected
Many belong to Executive Office of the President, including White House Office staff, National Security Council, Council of Economic Advisers
Formation of EOP
Relatively recent organization
Expansion of president’s staff began with Theodore Roosevelt
Franklin Roosevelt created new programs, agencies during Great Depression of 1930s
1939: Executive Office of President authorized by Congress
Most members nominated by president, confirmed by Senate
EOP members often most influential people in administration

6. The White House Office Heart of EOP Duties of Chief of Staff
President’s key personal, political staff
Most work in White House or Old Executive Office Building
President determines size of staff
Chief of Staff manages staff
Role varies president to president
Duties of Chief of Staff
Oversee president’s personal secretary, legal counsel
Directs Congressional relations, Cabinet relation teams
Deals with presidential mail, appearances, other members of staff
Manages speechwriters, press secretary, communications staff
The Chief of Staff is the primary presidential adviser who controls all access to the president and helps map political strategy.

8. National Security Council
National Security Council coordinates security with top military, foreign affairs, intelligence officials
Created 1947 in reaction to Cold War rivalry with Soviet Union
Activities coordinated by national security adviser appointed by president
Council of Economic Advisers
Created 1946, Council of Economic Advisers provides expert analysis of economy
Studies how trends, events may affect economic policy, how policy affects economy
Three members nominated by president, confirmed by Senate
Publishes annual Economic Report, study of economy after president submits budget
The OMB
Office of Management and Budget develops federal budget, oversees execution
Gathers information, sets policies on government finances, purchases
Largest in EOP, more than 500 employees; headed by appointed director confirmed by Senate

9. The Vice President The Vice Presidency The Early Vice Presidency
Only other elected official in president’s administration
Three major duties: presiding over Senate; opening, counting electoral votes; serving as president if president unable to serve—9 have done so
The Early Vice Presidency
1800s: role did not amount to much
2nd place in presidential voting became vice president
1804: 12th Amendment required separate ballots
Candidate can help balance ticket
Early Vice Presidency {continued}
The few formal duties pleased some, troubled others
Jefferson: A more tranquil and unoffending station could not be found.
Garner: the spare tire on the automobile of government
The Modern Vice Presidency
Since 1970s, presidents rely more heavily on vice presidents to make policy, carry out programs
Have own staffs, more interaction
Vice president’s office close to Oval Office in West wing

11. The Cabinet
Organization of heads of executive departments, known as secretaries
Executive departments responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, making regulations
Main task of each department head to formulate, carry out president’s policies
As Cabinet, secretaries act as advisory body to president; nominated by president, confirmed by Senate

12. Separation of Powers The Cabinet’s History The Cabinet Today
Duties outlined by Article II of Constitution
Chief executive
Chief administrator
Commander-in-chief
Foreign policy leader
Chief agenda setter
The Cabinet Today
Nearly four times as large as first cabinet
16 official cabinet positions, including vice president
Other high-ranking officials like chief of staff may be invited to join cabinet
Some presidents rely more heavily on Cabinet than others.

13. Vocabulary
Administration
The group of people who work for the executive branch under a specific president
Executive Office of the President
The organizational structure that helps manage the executive programs and agencies
White House Office
A central office of the Executive Office of the President in which many key assistants and deputy assistants to the president work
Chief of Staff
The person who manages the White House Office

14. Vocabulary
National Security Council
An executive office that brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and itelligence officials to coordinate U.S. national security.
Council of Economic Advisers
An executive office that provides the president with expert analysis of the economy
Office of Management and Budget
An executive office that helps develop and implement the federal budget and to oversee its execution by the agencies in the executive branch
Executive Departments
Department within the president’s administration that are responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, and making regulations in their particular area of responsibility