1. Energy

2. Nature of Energy Energy is all around you!.
You can see energy as light.
And you can feel it as wind.

3. Nature of Energy You use energy when you: hit a baseball
lift your book bag.
Lay on your bed and compress the mattress springs.

4. Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.
Intro to Energy
Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.

5. Intro to Energy Energy is involved when: a bird flies.
a bomb explodes.
rain falls from the sky.
electricity flows in a wire.

6. Intro to Energy
What is energy that it can be involved in so many different activities?
Energy can be defined as the ability to do work.
If an object or organism does work the object or organism uses energy.
exerts a force over a distance to move an object

7. Intro to Energy
Energy and work have a direct relationship so both measured in….
joules (J)= 1 Newton- Meter
work done when object is moved 1 meter by 1 Newton of force
In addition to using energy to do work, objects gain energy because work is being done on them.

8. States of Energy
The most common energy conversion is the conversion between potential and kinetic energy.
All forms of energy can be in either of two states:
Potential
Kinetic

9. States of Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.
Potential Energy is
stored energy.

10. Kinetic Energy The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
The greater the mass of a moving object, the more kinetic energy it has.
Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity.

11. Kinetic Energy
K.E. = (1/2) mass x velocity What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass or velocity? Why? 2

12. Potential Energy Potential Energy is stored energy.
Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, and in foods.
Or stored because of the work done on it:
Stretching a rubber band.
Winding a watch.
Pulling back on a bow’s arrow.
Lifting a brick high in the air.

13. Gravitational Potential Energy
Potential energy that is dependent on height is called gravitational potential energy.

14. Gravitational Potential Energy
A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a falling snowflake all have gravitational potential energy.

15. Gravitational Potential Energy
If you stand on a 3-meter diving board, you have 3 times the G.P.E, than you had on a 1-meter diving board.

16. Gravitational Potential Energy
“The bigger they are the harder they fall” is not just a saying. It’s true. Objects with more mass have greater G.P.E.
The formula to find G.P.E. is
G.P.E. = Mass X Height.

17. Elastic Potential Energy
Energy that is stored due to being stretched or compressed is called elastic potential energy.

18. Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion
Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great deal of potential energy. From that point, the conversion between potential and kinetic energy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.

19. Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has minimum kinetic energy.

20. Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
As a basketball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place.

21. Ball speeds up
Ball slows down

22. Forms of Energy Thermal (Heat) Chemical Electrical Electromagnetic
The 6 main forms of energy are:
Mechanical
Thermal (Heat)
Chemical
Electrical
Electromagnetic
(Radiant -Light)
Nuclear

23. Mechanical Energy
When work is done to an object, it acquires energy to move. The energy it acquires is known as mechanical energy.
Involves moving parts
The conversion of Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy is key

24. Mechanical Energy
When you kick a football, you give mechancal energy to the football to make it move.

25. Mechanical Energy
When you throw a balling ball, you give it energy. When that bowling ball hits the pins, some of the energy is transferred to the pins (transfer of momentum).

26. Mechanical Energy
When you eat food, you are have energy to go for a run.
You are moving due to mechanical energy
When a windmill’s propellers move from the wind blowing, they move due to mechanical energy
When you hit a golf ball during mini golf, the golf ball moves due to mechanical energy.

27. Thermal or Heat Energy
The motion between atoms is called heat energy, because moving particles produce heat.
Think about friction and what happens when you rub your hands together
Changes in temperature
Becoming colder and hotter are both results of Thermal Energy

28. Chemical Energy Chemical Energy is stored in chemical bonds
And when bonds
are broken, the
energy is given off.
This energy does
work

29. Chemical Energy Fuel and food are forms of stored chemical energy.
Battery

30. Electrical Energy Electrical charges are involved
They exert forces that do work
It also occurs in nature
Ex: lightning bolts, static electricity

31. Electrical Energy Starts in natural gas power plant
Power lines carry electrical energy into your home in the form of electricity.

32. Electromagnetic Energy
A.K.A – Radiant
Light is another form of electromagnetic energy.
Ultraviolet, heat, microwaves, and radar
Carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light.
Full Spectrum
of light
 Visible light
 Rainbow

33. Nuclear Energy
The nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy.

34. Nuclear Energy
When the nucleus splits (fission), nuclear energy is released in the form of heat energy and light energy.
Nuclear energy is also released when nuclei collide at high speeds and join (fuse).

35. Nuclear Energy
The sun’s energy is produced from a nuclear fusion reaction. The light and UV Rays are the result

36. Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is the most concentrated form of energy.
Nuclear power plants use and provide it

37. Energy Conversion
Energy can be changed from one form to another. Changes in the form of energy are called energy conversions

38. Energy conversions
All forms of energy can be converted into other forms.
The sun’s energy through solar panels can be converted directly into electricity.
Ex: Green plants
sun’s energy (electromagnetic)
starches and sugars
(chemical energy).

39. Other energy conversions
In a battery,
chemical energy  electrical energy
In a waterfall or dam
Mechanical  electrical energy in a generator
Electric motor
chemical  electromagnetic  mechanical energy.

40. Energy Conversions
In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convert chemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy is then changed into mechanical energy.

41. Chemical  Heat Mechanical
Cars
Chemical  Heat Mechanical

42. The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed by ordinary means.
It can only be converted from one form to another.
If energy seems to disappear, then scientists look for it – leading to many important discoveries.

43. Natural Resources
Type types
Non-Renewable
Renewable

44. Non- Renewable Resources
Energy resources that exist in a limited amount
Cannot be replaced once used
Except over millions of years
Types
Coal
Oil/Petroleum Fossil Fuels
Natural gas

45. Fossil Fuels Fuels made underground Remains of dead plants and animals
Heat from core of Earth and pressure from being buried
Account for the majority of the worlds energy use
Inexpensive and easily available BUT create pollution

46. Coal Most abundant & most commonly burned fossil fuel in the world
Burns very easily
We get it through mining
Used for heat and
electricity

47. Oil/Petroleum & Natural Gas
Used for heat and electricity
Very important sources of energy for transportation, farming, and other industries (factories)
Get it through drilling and pumping

48. Natural Gas Power Plants
chemical energy in the gas
gas is burned, releasing heat energy
heat energy is used to make high-pressure steam
The steam turns a turbine
which transforms the heat energy to mechanical energy
the turbine turns an electric generator, producing electrical energy.

49. Renewable Resources Resources of energy exist in an unlimited amount
They CAN be replaced once used
Takes a short period of time
Types
Hydroelectric
Solar
Geothermal
Wind
NOT EFFICIENT

50. Hydroelectric Obtained from flowing water
As water flows downhill, gravitational PE  KE
KE is used to turn turbines connected to electric generators
Dams are used to do this

51. Solar Using the suns rays to make electricity
Done through use of solar cells (panels)
Every 15 min, Earth receives enough energy from sun to meet the energy needs of world for one year

52. Geothermal Thermal (heat) energy beneath Earth’s surface.
Inside Earth is hot and heats water underground
Make water into steam to turn turbines of electric generators to create electricity

53. Wind Energy gained from the wind blowing
Wind turbines (fans) use the movement of air to convert wind energy into electricity in generators