1. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception  Depth Perception  ability to see objects in three dimensions  allows us to judge distance Visual Cliff

2. Depth Perception  Binocular cues – depend on use of two eyes  retinal disparity  images from the two eyes differ  closer the object, the larger the disparity  Finger sausage example  convergence  neuromuscular cue  two eyes move inward for near objects

3. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception  Monocular Cues – depth cues available to either eye alone  relative size  smaller image is more distant  interposition  closer object blocks distant object  relative clarity  hazy object seen as more distant  texture coarse --> close fine --> distant

4. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Relative Size

7. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Interposition

9. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception  Monocular Cues (cont.)  relative height  higher objects seen as more distant  relative motion  closer objects seem to move faster  linear perspective  parallel lines converge with distance  relative brightness  closer objects appear brighter

10. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Relative Height

11. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Perspective Techniques

12. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Light and Shadow

13. zIn or out?

14. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Illusory Depth

15. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception z

16. zPhi Phenomenon – illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession zHow do movies work?

17. Perceptual Constancy  Perceptual Constancy  perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change  color  shape  size

18. Perceptual Organization

19. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Illusory Depth Explanation

20. Perceptual Organization: Muller-Lyer Illusion Cultural Experiences affects susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion!

21. Perceptual Organization: Size-Distance Relationship

22. Perceptual Organization- Brightness Contrast

24. PerceptualOrganization: Grouping Principles  Impossible doghouse

25. Sensory Restriction: Blakemore & Cooper, 1970  Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.