1. Database Management Managerial Overview

2. Managing Data Resources Data are a vital organizational resource that need to be managed like other important business assets. Most organizations could not survive or succeed without quality data about their internal operations and external environment.

3. Foundation Data Concepts Data may be logically organized in IS just as writing can be organized CharacterLetter FieldWord RecordSentence FileParagraph DatabaseDocument

4. Personnel Database Example Employee Personal Data File FieldsNameSS No.Domicile Employee Record 1 Jones T. A.275-32-3874Livingstone Employee Record 2 Alvarez J. S.542-40-3718Deadpoint Payroll File FieldsSS No.Salary Employee Record 1 275-32-387425.000 Employee Record 2 542-40-371840.000

5. The Database Management Approach consolidates data records and objects into databases that can be accessed by many different application programs a special software package called a database management system (DBMS) serves as a software interface between users and databases

6. The Database Management Approach involves three basic activities: updating and maintaining common databases to reflect new business transactions and other events providing information needed for each end user‘s application by using application programs that share the data in common databases providing an inquiry/response and reporting capability through a DBMS package so that end users can easily interrogate databases, generate reports, and receive quick responsesto their ad hoc requests for information

7. The Database Management Approach Inquiry Customer Transaction Processing Checking Account Program Savings Account Program Installment Loan Program Database Management System Customer Database

8. Major Uses of DBMS Database Development –Database Administrator –Data Dictionary Database Interrogation –Query Language (SQL, QBE) –Graphical and Natural Queries –Report Generator Database Management Application Development

9. Types of Databases Operational Databases –transaction databases, production databases Analytical Databases –management databases, information databases (accessed by OLAP, DSS, EIS) Data Warehouses –data marts, data mining Distributed Databases End User Databases External Databases

10. Hypermedia Databases on the Web Web Browser Client PCs or NCs The Internet Intranets Extranets Network ServerHypermedia Database Web server software HTML pages GIF image files Video files

11. Benefits of Database Management DM reduces the duplication of data DM integrates data so that they can be accessed by multiple programs and users Application programs are not dependent on the format of the data and the type of secondary storage being used Inquiry/response and reporting capability allows users to easily obtain information they need Computer programming is simplified Integrity and security of the data can be increased since access to data and modification of the database are controlled by DBMS, a data dictionary, and a database administrator function

12. Limitations of Database Management Limitations arise from the increased technological complexity of DM Developing large databases of complex data types and installing a DBMS can be difficult and expensive Storage requirements for the organization‘s data overhead control data, and the DBMS programs are increased Longer processing times may result from high-volume transaction processing applications since an extra layer of SW (DBMS) exists between application programs and the operating system Vulnerability to errors, fraud, and failures is increased in centralized databases Problems of inconsistency of data can easily arise in distributed databases