2. (1) What is a Cycle? Cycle: Continuous movement or transfer of something. Cycling in Ecosystems: –All Matter (nutrients) continuously move between organisms and regions. –Energy continuously moves between organisms… Not ALL energy is 100% recyclable Some energy “lost” as heat  Increased Entropy/Disorder

5. (2) Carbon Type of element or atom Common Compounds: –Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) –Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) –Methane (CH 4 ) –Carbon Monoxide (CO)

6. (3) Carbon & Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Removed from… –Atmosphere or Hydrosphere Glucose released into… –Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere

8. (4) Carbon & Respiration Glucose removed from… –Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere Carbon Dioxide released into… –Atmosphere or Hydrosphere

10. (5) Fossil Fuels Examples: –Coal –Gas –Oil Source: –Old, compressed, heated remains of organisms –Store HUGE quantities of carbon inside the earth (until dug up). –Release HUGE quantities of carbon dioxide when burned.

12. (6) Carbonates Bicarbonate: (HCO 3 ) –Used as a buffer in organisms + water systems Calcium Carbonate: (CaCO 3 ) –Compound formed from the shell-remains of aquatic organisms –Found underground and in water systems