1. DSP Development System
Speaker: Lian-Tsung Tsai

2. Outline
Introduction
Common feature of DSP Processor
TI TMS320 Development Kit
Philips Trimedia Development Kit

3. Introduction What is DSP ?
DSP(Digital signal processor) is used to manipulate real-world signals after they have been converted into a digital form.

4. Introduction (cont.) Why is DSP processor?
Mathematical calculation vs. data manipulation.
Data Manipulation
Math calculation
Typical Application
Word processing, Database Management,spread sheet,O.S etc..
Digital Signal processing,motion control.. Etc.
Main Operations
Data Move:(A=> B)
Value testing: IF A=B then …
Sorting, searching..
Addtion:A+B=C
Multiplication:AxB=C
Sum of product..

5. Introduction (cont.) Off-line processing
The entire input signal resides in the computer as the same time.
All of the information is simultaneously available to the processing program.
Example : medical imaging, such as computed tomography and MRI.
PC and mainframes.

6. Introduction (cont.) On-line processing
The output signal is produced at the same time that the input signal is being acquired. E.g. telephone, radar, hearing aids.
Real-time applications must be have the information immediately available,although it can be delayed by a short amount.
Real-time applications is input a sample, perform the algorithm, and output a sample, over-and-over.
This is the world of Digital Signal Processors.

7. Time between samples = 1/40KHz =25 microseconds
Introduction (cont.)
The definition of real-time depends on the applications, for instance, an Audio application
Requires a sampling frequency of 40 KHz.
Needing 100 serial instructions to complete and using a DSP processor with 30 ns cycle time.
Then in 3 microseconds the calculation is completed.
Time between samples = 1/40KHz =25 microseconds
100 instructions
3 microseconds
Waiting time
Sample n+1
Sample n

8. Introduction (cont’d.)
What applications DSP can do?
Complex system control.
Multimedia processing (Video,Audio,Speech,Image,etc.)
Intelligent signal processing using soft computing(Fuzzy inference, Neural networks, etc.)

9. Common feature of DSP Processor
Multiple-access Memory architecture
Advance Harvard architecture to achieve separate program and dual access data memory space.
Specialized addressing modes
Circular buffer, bit-reversed addressing.
Fast multiply-accumulate(MAC)
High performance interrupt handling.
Single and block instructions by pipeline structure to perform one instruction per cycle.
On-chip peripherals and I/O interfaces
Multi-channels direct memory access(DMA).
High performance serial and parallel I/O port.
High resolution timer.

10. Common feature of DSP Processor (cont.)
Von-Neumann
Processor Core
Address Bus
Data Bus
Memory A
Memory B
Harvard
Processor Core
Address Bus
Data Bus
Memory

11. Common feature of DSP Processor (cont.)
Advance Harvard
The processor core can simultaneously perform two access to memory bank A and one access to memory bank B using three independent sets of buses.
Dual-ported data memory.
Single ported program memory.
Processor Core
Memory A
Memory B
Address Bus 1
Data Bus 1
Data Bus 2
Address Bus 2
Data Bus 3
Address Bus 3

12. Common feature of DSP Processor (cont.)
Data address generator(DGA) for PM and DM
Circular buffers, bit-reversed address for FFT.
Data register sets
General purpose registers,special purpose registers.
Math processing units
Multiplier.
Arithmetic logic unit(ALU).
Barrel shifter.
Program sequencer and instruction cache.
System buses.
Program
Memory
instructions and
secondary data
Data
Data only
I/O
Controller
(DMA)
shifter
ALU
Multiplier
register
Program sequencer
Instruction
cahe
High speed I/O

13. Common feature of DSP Processor (cont.)
The difference between DSP and CPU:
DSP processor is possible to do several accesses to memory in a single instruction cycle. i.e., DSP processor have a relatively high bandwidth between their Core CPU and memory.
DSP processor are optimized to cope with repetition or looping of operations common in signal processing applications.
DSP allows specialized addressing modes, such as indirect,circular, and bit reverse addressing. These are efficient addressing mechanisms to implement many signal processing algorithms.

14. TI TMS320 Development Kit VLIW architecture
Very Long Instruction Word.
Parallel processing with multiple function units.
TMS320C6000 family
Fixed-Point C6X DSP:
TMS320C62X,TMS320C64X.
Floating-Point C6X DSP:
TMS320C67X.

15. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
Advantages of VLIW architectures
Increased performance.
Better compiler targets.
Potentially scalable.
Disadvantages of VLIW architectures
Increased memory use.
High power consumption.
Misleading MIPS ratings.

16. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
C62x Fixed-Point
DSP Generation
C64x Fixed-Point
DSP Generation
C67x Floating-Point
DSP Generation
Clock Rate(MHz)
MIPS/MFLOPS
MIPS
MIPS
MFLOPS
16-bit MMACS
8-bit MMACS
Broadband
Communications
General
Special-purpose
Instructions
General
Imaging
General
Special-purpose
Instructions
General

17. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
EMIF
Direct
Memory
Access
(DMA)
Controller
(4 channels)
Program Memory
64K Bytes
Host Port
McBSP
C62X/C67X
CPU
McBSP
Timer
Data Memory
64K Bytes
Timer
TMS320C6201/6701 DSP Block Diagram

18. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
TMS320C6201/6701 key features:
Launched at 200MHz;1600 MIPS.
128 K RAM on-chip (split 64K program/64K data).
32 32-bit registers file.
All instructions may be conditional.
Efficient compilation of ANSI-C code.
Data is byte-addressable (it can be 8-bit,16-bit or 32-bit).

19. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
Assembler
Optimizer
Link.cmd
.sa
Text
Edit
Assembler
Linker
Debugger
Simulator
.asm
.obj
.out .c
.c=C source file
.sa=linear assembly source file
.asm=assembly source file
.obj=object file
.out=executable COFF file
.cmd=linker command file
Compiler

20. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont.)
The tools for three stages:
1.Algorithms development:
Textual-based tools:
C and Assembly.
MATLAB with DSP toolboxes.
2.System-level design:
MATLAB and simulink DSP toolboxes.
RIDE or VAB rapid tool.

21. TI TMS320 Development Kit (cont’d.)
3.Hardware and embedded software implementation:
Code Composer Studio (CCS) with developer’s kit for TI C6x EVM.
RIDE with DSP board from third-party of DSP venders.
VAB with TI or third-party DSP board.

22. Philips Trimedia Development Kit
This is a software and hardware supported development environment.
Hardware architecture
Combine A/D, D/A, Memory, ASIC, VLIW CPU to build up a multimedia development platform.
Software operation environment
Support different program langrage for developer
High performance compiler, scheduler, analyzer, optimizer, even a GUI debugger.

23. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
TM1300 feature:
Implements popular multimedia standards such as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2,
Operations from C and C++ source code.
Frequency up 166 MHz.
Memory 8 MB SDRAM.
Immediate, Floating-Point Compute and Multimedia Operations.
5 operations each clock cycle.

24. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Hardware architecture:

25. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Hardware architecture:

26. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Software development flow:

27. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Software Component
Software Tools

28. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
All of executable tools was stored under install_path/bin…., in our system as below

29. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Free UNIX-like environment , and make tool is compatible with UNIX.
Cygwin tool
Trimedia GUI
Running tool
Trimedia GUI
debugger

30. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
NO!! we can use MS-DOS mode to compile our program, when you put tmcc.exe or tmCC.exe in the the same directory.
Using “Bash”, Cygwin’s environment, is easy to compile and run, even debug our program.

31. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Makefile example:
# usage: make TCS=<path> #
HOST = Win95
ENDIAN = el
CC = $(TCS)/bin/tmcc -host $(HOST) -$(ENDIAN)
vivot.out: CHECK vivot.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o vivot.c $(LDFLAGS)
CHECK:
@if [ x$(TCS) = x ]; then \
echo "Usage: make TCS=<path>"; false; \ fi
clean:
rm -rf vivot.out vivot.o

32. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
Using GUI to run DSP-program

33. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont.)
tmcc -p fdct.c -o fdct.out
tmsim -ns -nomm fdct.out /* generates dtprof.out */
tmcc -r fdct.c -o fdct.out
tmsim -mm -ns -statfile fdct.stat fdct.out
tmprof >fdctrpt -scale 1 -threshold detail -func fdct.stat fdct.out

34. Philips Trimedia Development Kit (cont’d.)
Performance Analysis: