2. Pipe system life time cost  Energy will be increasingly precious  Environment focus will grow  The pipe system is expensive  Life time expectancy is over 30 Years

3. What is life time cost ?  Investment cost –Pipe material –Pipe installation –Excavation and restoration –Inspection  Operation cost –Pumping –Heat loss  Maintenance cost –Repairs –Management

4. The Calculation Example  The model system supplies 10 MW  Flow 90 O C and return 50 O C  The pipe system is:  2 x 1000 m. DN 250  2 x 1500 m. DN 80  100 consumer connections a´100 kW 2 x 2500 m. DN 32  100 consumer connections a´10kW 2 x 2000 m. 18 mm. Cu-flex

5. Investment cost Thump rules  Pipes 380 000 EUR  Insulation series 2 + 12%  Double Pipes + 25%  X-linked shrink joints +5%  Pipe installation 50% of pipes  Inspection 0- 50 000 EUR  Excavation 100% of pipes  Series 2 + 15%  Double – 20%  Asphalting 50% of pipes

6. Heat conductivity PUR = SOLID +  RADIATION +  GAS  SOLID is not changing over time  RADIATION is not changing over time  GAS varies with the diffusion  SOLID +  RADIATION app. 6 – 12 mW/mK depending upon the cell structure

7. The gas composition  The gas is Cyklopentane, CO 2 and air  Cyklopentane, CP 40%  Carbon dioxide, CO 2 55%  Air ( N 2 + O 2 ) 5%

8. Lambda gas  Cyklopentane: 0,012 W/mK  Carbon dioxide: 0,017 W/mK  Air: 0,027 W/mK

9. Lambda values new Logstor pipes  Conti pipes: 0.024 W/mK  Traditional pipes: 0,0275 W/mK  Flex pipes: 0,025 W/mK

10. Lambda ageing Traditional vs. Conti w. Barrier mW/mK

11. German failure statistic 5 2000

12. Swedish failure statistics 5 1998-2001

13. Failure rates  With simple and cheap joints Joint failures may be > 0,5 failure/km./year  With PEX shrink joints or weld joints joint failures are < 0,05 failure/km./year  With low inspection rates Weld seam failures may be > 0,2 failure/km./year  With proper inspection Weld seam failures may be < 0,02 failure/km./year

14. Failure costs  The repair cost for a simple failure is estimated 3 000 EUR  The example:  With cheap joints, repair cost is 20 000 EUR / year  With PEX- and weld joints, it is < 2 000 EUR / year  With low inspection, weld repair cost is 10 000 EUR / year  With proper inspection, it is 1 000 EUR / year  Do it cheap and easy and you have high repair costs  Do it right and you have low repair costs

15. Life time costs The following picture compares: “Series 1 cheap”:  DN 25, DN 32, DN 80, DN 250 all traditional without barrier, cheap joints and low inspection level. “Series 1 barrier”:  18 Cu-flex, DN 32, DN 80, DN 250 Conti pipes with barrier, PEX joints and proper inspection Series 2 barrier:  18 Cu-flex, DN 32, DN 80, DN 250 Conti pipes with barrier, PEX joints and proper inspection Double pipes:  18 Cu-flex, DN 32, DN 80, all double and DN 250 Conti pipes with barrier, PEX joints and proper inspection Const. Flow:  is Series 1 cheap with constant flow pumps

16. Life time costs kEURPresent values

17. Life time cost Calculation settings:  Pumping energy 1% of total heat supply  Constant flow pumps 3% of total heat supply  Heat price 0,025 EUR/kWh  Power price 0,06 EUR/kWh  All amounts as present value over 20 years  Inflation 2%  Energy price rise 2%  Bank interest 6%

18. The lessons are:  Do not save on inspection  Do not accept “cheap” joints  Keep your heat loss down  Use flow controlled pumps