2. World War II: The Early Years 1941-1943

3. America at War: The Early Years

5. Tensions rise Further Negotiations beginning to break down Negotiations beginning to break down September, 1941 General Hideki Tojo becomes Prime Minister of Japan September, 1941 General Hideki Tojo becomes Prime Minister of Japan –Confident in Japan, begins planning attack on America

6. THE DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941

7. Pearl Harbor

8. Major Combatants Japan - Fleet of 6 Aircraft Carriers under the command of Admiral Nagumo and Admiral Yamamoto - Aerial Assault Force under the command of Mitsuo Fuchida United States - Pearl Harbor Naval/Army Base under the command of Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Lt. General Walter C. Short

9. 81 Fighter Planes 81 Fighter Planes 135 Dive Bombers 135 Dive Bombers 104 Horizontal Bombers 104 Horizontal Bombers 40 Torpedo Planes 40 Torpedo Planes At least 5 Midget Submarines At least 5 Midget Submarines Japan: Warfare Used During Attack

18. Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941) Japanese attack on the U.S. was an attempt to control the pacific. Japanese attack on the U.S. was an attempt to control the pacific. The attack was a complete surprise The attack was a complete surprise The Japanese used planes from Aircraft carriers to destroy U.S. fleet. The Japanese used planes from Aircraft carriers to destroy U.S. fleet. U.S. responded by declaring war U.S. responded by declaring war

20. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

21. Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!

22. Pacific Theater of Operations

23. Singapore Surrenders [February, 1942]

24. U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor, the Philippines [March, 1942]

25. Bataan Death March : April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

26. Bataan: British Soldiers A Liberated British POW

27. Bataan Death March Japanese invade the Philippines Islands after Pearl Harbor. Japanese invade the Philippines Islands after Pearl Harbor. The Japanese units force the U.S.-Philippine forces to the Bataan peninsula. The Japanese units force the U.S.-Philippine forces to the Bataan peninsula. U.S.-Philippine forces surrender in April, 1942. U.S.-Philippine forces surrender in April, 1942. 65-mile forced march to POW camp. 65-mile forced march to POW camp. 1 person died every 12 steps of march. 1 person died every 12 steps of march.

28. Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

29. Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle: First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

30. Early Days of the War Fall of the Philippines (April, 1942) Fall of the Philippines (April, 1942) Doolittle Raid Doolittle Raid –Propaganda victory –Little military importance The Battle of Coral Sea (May, 1942) The Battle of Coral Sea (May, 1942) –Prevented invasion of New Guinea –The U.S. lost an aircraft carrier

31. Battle of the Coral Sea: May 7-8, 1942

32. 31

34. Battle of Midway Island: June 4-6, 1942

36. The Turning Point U.S. breaks Japanese codes U.S. breaks Japanese codes U.S. carriers sent to prevent invasion U.S. carriers sent to prevent invasion Japan begin attack on Midway Japan begin attack on Midway 5 minutes that changed the war 5 minutes that changed the war –Japan loses 4 carriers –Stopped Japanese advance in the Pacific

37. Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. Solidifies alliance. Solidifies alliance. Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points. Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points. Calls for League of Nations type organization Calls for League of Nations type organization

38. The Big Three Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

39. Axis Powers in 1942

40. AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS

43. Battle of the Atlantic Control of the Atlantic was vital for supplies. Control of the Atlantic was vital for supplies. German U-boats and the “wolf pack” German U-boats and the “wolf pack” Reasons for Allied victory Reasons for Allied victory –Convoy system –Sonar –British break the German code (Enigma)

44. Convoys increased the merchant ships chances of surviving the ocean voyage

46. North Africa Campaign

47. Operation Torch (Allied invasion of North Africa) Operation Torch (Allied invasion of North Africa) Battle of Kasserine Pass Battle of Kasserine Pass –Major defeat –Replacement of U.S. commander (Patton) Opened a 2 nd front against Germany Opened a 2 nd front against Germany

48. The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)

49. Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941 3,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks.

50. Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

51. Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943 German ArmyRussian Army 1,011,500 men1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks894 tanks 1,216 planes1,115 planes

52. Stalingrad Turning point on the Eastern Front. Turning point on the Eastern Front. Stopped the German advance against the Soviet Union. Stopped the German advance against the Soviet Union. Prevented Germany from acquiring Soviet oil fields and industries. Prevented Germany from acquiring Soviet oil fields and industries.