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1 Livestock-Environment Interactions Why a concern ?

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Presentation on theme: "1 Livestock-Environment Interactions Why a concern ?"— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Livestock-Environment Interactions Why a concern ?

2 2 Causes: Increased industrial animal production More intensive use of local resources Underlying causes: Increase demand for animal products Increase in animals Decrease of local resources Impact of Production on Environment

3 3 Nutrient Flows, Risks & Benefits Feed Converted by Animals into Products for Consumption and Manure for Crop and Feed Production

4 4 Nutrient Flows and Risks FEED FARM ANIMALS PRODUCTS MANURE CROPS DEGRADATIONPOLLUTIONLOSSES CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN ISOLATION

5 5 Nutrient Flows and Benefits FEED FARM ANIMALS PRODUCTS MANURE CROPS Nutrients Used Nutrients Saved Nutrients Saved CROP - LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

6 6 Environmental impacts Land Water Air Vegetation Bio-diversity Genetic- diversity –degradation, erosion –pollution N, additives –N and C emissions –change in compostion –loss of habitat –loss of breeds

7 7 Technologies: Feed Availability Feed Quality Animal Health Human Health Risk Animal Bio-diversity Plant Bio-diversity Farm Productivity Policies: Knowledge Financial Property-rights Regulations Institutional reform Organisational Options OPTIONS

8 8 Principal Livestock Systems GRAZING - nomadic - trans humance - sedentary MIXED - grazing - crop residues - cut and carry - feed from farm - external feed INDUSTRIAL - feed processing - farm production - product processing

9 9 Grazing Systems Nomadic Systems Transhumance Sedentary

10 10 Nomadic Systems PRODUCTION - static / decreasing OPTIONS - integration of mobile livestock systems in natural resource management of remote and dry/ winter grazing areas CONCERNS - degradation of vegetation - loss of bio-diversity - grazing conflicts in dry/ winter season

11 11 Transhumance PRODUCTION - stagnant / decreasing CONCERNS - degradation of vegetation - loss of bio-diversity OPTIONS - integration of trans humance in natural resources management - crop residues as feed source - cultivation of feed

12 12 Sedentary PRODUCTION - stagnant / decreasing CONCERNS - expansion through deforestation - loss of bio-diversity - excessive burning OPTIONS - crop livestock integration - livestock - wild life integration - mixed crop livestock farming

13 13 Mixed Systems Mixed Communal Grazing Mixed Crop Residues Mixed Cut & Carry Mixed Feed from Farm Mixed External Feed

14 14 Mixed Communal Grazing CONCERNS - land degradation through crop cultivation - pasture degradation through grazing PRODUCTION - static / decreasing OPTIONS - community management of communal pastures - feed production on farm - improved manure management

15 15 Mixed Crop Residues PRODUCTION - static CONCERNS - land degradation through crop cultivation OPTIONS - land for feed production - more livestock - improved manure management - fertilisers for crop cultivation

16 16 PRODUCTION - static CONCERNS - competition for communal feed - declining soil fertility in areas of feed origin OPTIONS - land for feed production - improved manure management - external feed for livestock Mixed Cut & Carry

17 17 Mixed Feed from Farm PRODUCTION - static CONCERNS - declining soil fertility OPTIONS - external feed for livestock - fertilisers

18 18 Mixed External Feed PRODUCTION - increasing CONCERNS - manure surplus and nutrient loss OPTIONS - improved manure management - integration with crop cultivation - mixed system as an alternative to industrial production

19 19 Industrial Systems Industrial Feed Processing Industrial Livestock Production Livestock Product Processing

20 20 Industrial Feed Processing PRODUCTION - increasing CONCERNS - food for feed - nutrient import from areas of origin - fossil fuel requirements OPTIONS - move food and feed processing to areas of crop production - increase crop production - import components to improve quality

21 21 Industrial Livestock Production PRODUCTION - increasing - feed from feed processing industry CONCERNS - pollution: poor manure management - feed additives and agro-chemicals - fossil fuel requirements production OPTIONS - improve & control manure management - move from (peri-) urban to rural areas - associate industrial livestock production with crop cultivation

22 22 Livestock Product Processing PRODUCTION - increasing CONCERNS - pollution: poor waste management - fossil fuel requirements - use of agro-chemicals OPTIONS - improve & control waste management - move to producing areas - fair competition through import tax on livestock products

23 23 TEPA TRAINING EXTENSION PUBLIC AWARENESS

24 24 TRAINING TRAINERS and TRAINING CENTRE ISSUES AND OPTIONS TRAINEES: –livestock specialists –environmentalists –forest / pasture specialists (grazing systems) –crop specialists (mixed systems) –builders (industrial system)

25 25 EXTENSION PUBLIC PRODUCER ORGANISATIONS NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS –stakeholder participation –stakeholder organisation –communication –technologies –policies

26 26 PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC & POLITICAL SUPPORT Through: Media and Extension On: Concerns, Policies, Technologies Using: Positive examples » mitigating negative » enhancing positive impacts

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